Väinö Tanner
Väinö Tanner | |
---|---|
![]() | |
10th Prime Minister of Finland | |
In office 13 December 1926 – 17 December 1927 | |
President | Lauri K. Relander |
Preceded by | Kyösti Kallio |
Succeeded by | Juho Sunila |
Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
In office 1 December 1939 – 27 March 1940 | |
Prime Minister | Risto Ryti |
Preceded by | Eljas Erkko |
Succeeded by | Rolf Witting |
Minister of Finance | |
In office 22 May 1942 – 8 August 1944 | |
Prime Minister | Johan W. Rangell Edwin Linkomies |
Preceded by | Mauno Pekkala |
Succeeded by | Onni Hiltunen |
In office 12 March 1937 – 1 December 1939 | |
Prime Minister | Aimo Cajander |
Preceded by | Juho Niukkanen |
Succeeded by | Mauno Pekkala |
Minister of Trade and Industry | |
In office 3 July 1941 – 22 May 1942 | |
Prime Minister | Johan W. Rangell |
Preceded by | Toivo Salmino |
Succeeded by | Uuno Takki |
Personal details | |
Born | Helsinki, Finland | 12 March 1881
Died | 19 April 1966 Helsinki, Finland | (aged 85)
Political party | Social Democratic |
Väinö Tanner (12 March 1881 – 19 April 1966; surname until 1895 Thomasson) was a leading figure in the Social Democratic Party of Finland, and a pioneer and leader in the cooperative movement in Finland. He was Prime Minister of Finland in 1926–1927.[1]
Tanner was born in Helsinki. He did not participate in the Finnish Civil War, maintaining a neutral attitude. When the war ended he became Finland's leading Social Democratic Party (SDP) politician, and a strong proponent of the parliamentary system. His main achievement was the rehabilitation of the SDP after the Civil War. Väinö Tanner served as Prime Minister (1926–1927), Minister of Finance (1937–1939), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1939–1940),[2] and after the Winter War Minister of Trade and Industry (1941–1942)[3] and Minister of Finance (1942-1944).[4]
Väinö Tanner's legacy is in his directing the Finnish working class from their extremist ideology towards pragmatic progress through the democratic process. Under his leadership the Social Democrats were trusted to form a minority government already less than 10 years after the bloody civil war. Tanner's minority socialist government passed a series of important social reforms during its time in office, which included a liberal amnesty law, reduced duties on imported foods, and pension and health insurance laws.[5]
During President Relander's brief illness Tanner, who held the post of prime minister, was even the acting President and Commander-In-Chief. In this role he even received the parade of the White guards on the 10th anniversary of the White victory. This was perceived as a remarkable development at the time. During the 1930s and 1940s, the Social Democrats formed several coalition governments with the Agrarian party.[6] In the Winter War Väinö Tanner was the foreign minister. Väinö Tanner's leadership was very important in forming the grounds and creating the Spirit of the Winter War which united the nation.
After the end of the Continuation War, Tanner was tried for responsibility for the war in February 1946, and sentenced to five years and six months in prison.[7]
After the Continuation War, and while still in prison, Tanner became the virtual leader of a faction of the SDP which had strong support from the USA. This faction eventually came out on top after a great deal of internal party strife lasting for much of the 1940s. Tanner criticized Finland's post-war doctrine known as Paasikivi-Kekkonen Doctrine, in which Finnish foreign affairs were kept strictly neutral and friendly with the USSR. Tanner managed to return to the Finnish parliament as a representative in the 1951 parliamentary elections. The acting foreign minister at the time, Åke Gartz insisted that the head of the Finnish Social Democratic Party Emil Skog should try to keep Tanner away from the party. Tanner would go on to win the 1957 SDP chairman election. Tanner won the race by 1 vote. The party was internally divided due to Tanner's controversial past and eventually some representatives seceded and formed a new party called the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders aka TPSL. TPSL eventually reunited with SDP in December 1972.
Cabinets
References
- The Winter War: Finland against Russia 1939–1940 by Väinö Tanner (1957, Stanford University Press, California; also London)
- ^ https://valtioneuvosto.fi/tietoa/historiaa/hallitukset-ja-ministerit/raportti/-/r/m2/517
- ^ "Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland - Ministers of Foreign Affairs". Valtioneuvosto.fi. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^ "Finnish Government - Ministers of Trade and Industry". Valtioneuvosto.fi. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ^ "Council of State - Ministers of Finance". Valtioneuvosto.fi. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ Democratic socialism: a global survey by Donald F. Busky
- ^ Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen, Helsinki: WSOY, 2003
- ^ Political Paavo, Time, December 6, 1948
External links
Media related to Väinö Tanner at Wikimedia Commons
- Väinö Tanner at Britannica Online
- Newspaper clippings about Väinö Tanner in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
- 1881 births
- 1966 deaths
- Politicians from Helsinki
- People from Uusimaa Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
- Social Democratic Party of Finland politicians
- Finnish senators
- Prime Ministers of Finland
- Ministers of Finance of Finland
- Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Finland
- Ministers of Trade and Industry of Finland
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1907–08)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1908–09)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1909–10)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1910–11)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1913–16)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1919–22)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1922–24)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1924–27)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1930–33)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1933–36)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1936–39)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1939–45)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1951–54)
- Members of the Parliament of Finland (1958–62)
- Finnish people of World War II
- Cooperative organizers
- Prisoners and detainees of Finland
- Recipients of Finnish presidential pardons
- Cooperative advocates