Gekkonidae

Gekkonidae
	Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Superfamily:	Gekkonoidea
Family:	Gekkonidae; Gray, 1825
Subfamilies
	Uroplatinae; Gekkoninae;

Gekkonidae (the common geckos) is the largest family of geckos, containing over 950 described species in 64 genera.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Members of the Gekkonidae comprise many of the most widespread gecko species, including house geckos (Hemidactylus), tokay geckos (Gekko), day geckos (Phelsuma), mourning geckos (Lepidodactylus) and dtellas (Gehyra). Gekkonid geckos occur globally and are particularly species-rich in tropical areas.

Evolution

They evolved probably in the Lower Cretaceous and some 100 million years ago they were already well adapted for a scansorial lifestyle.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Genera

Gekkonidae contains the following genera:

Afroedura (28 species)
Afrogecko (2 species)
Agamura (2 species)
Ailuronyx (3 species)
Alsophylax (6 species)
Altiphylax (5 species)
Blaesodactylus (6 species)
Bunopus (3 species)
Calodactylodes (2 species)
†Cadurcogekko (2 species)
Chondrodactylus (6 species)
Christinus (3 species)
Cnemaspis (153 species)
Crossobamon (2 species)
Cryptactites – Peringuey's leaf-toed gecko
Cyrtodactylus (286 species)
Cyrtopodion (24 species)
Dactylocnemis – Pacific gecko
Dixonius (8 species)
Dravidogecko (7 species)
Ebenavia (6 species)
Elasmodactylus (2 species)
Geckolepis (5 species)
Gehyra (67 species)
Gekko (77 species)
Goggia (10 species)
Hemidactylus (168 species)
Hemiphyllodactylus (41 species)
Heteronotia (5 species)
Homopholis (4 species)
Kolekanos (1 species)
Lakigecko (1 species)
Lepidodactylus (39 species)
Luperosaurus (9 species)
Lygodactylus (69 species)
Matoatoa (2 species)
Mediodactylus (17 species)
Microgecko (7 species)
Mokopirirakau (4 species)
Nactus (12 species)
Naultinus (8 species) – green geckos
Narudasia - festive gecko
Pachydactylus (57 species)
Paragehyra (4 species)
Paroedura (22 species) – Madagascar ground geckos
Parsigecko – Ziaie's Pars-gecko
Perochirus (3 species)
Phelsuma (43 species)
Pseudoceramodactylus – Gulf short-fingered gecko
Pseudogekko (9 species)
Ptenopus (3 species)
Ramigekko – Swartberg African leaf-toed gecko
Rhinogekko (2 species)
Rhoptropella - Namaqua day gecko
Rhoptropus (7 species)
Stenodactylus (11 species)
Tenuidactylus (8 species)
Trachydactylus (2 species)
Trigonodactylus (3 species)
Tropiocolotes (12 species)
Toropuku – Stephen's Island gecko
Urocotyledon (5 species)
Uroplatus (19 species)
Woodworthia (3 species)

Phylogeny

Pyron, et al. (2013)^[10] presents the following classification of Gekkonidae genera, based on molecular phylogenetics.

Gekkonidae

	Lepidodactylus, Pseudogekko, Luperosaurus, Gekko, Dixonius, Heteronotia, Nactus, Hemiphyllodactylus, Gehyra

	Alsophylax, Tropiocolotes, Cnemaspis, Mediodactylus, Pseudoceramodactylus, Tropiocolotes, Stenodactylus, Bunopus, Crossobamon, Agamura, Cyrtopodion, Cyrtodactylus, Hemidactylus

Perochirus, Urocotyledon, Ebenavia, Paroedura, Ailuronyx, Calodactylodes, Ptenopus, Narudasia, Cnemaspis, Uroplatus, Paragehyra, Christinus, Afrogecko, Cryptactites, Matoatoa, Afroedura, Geckolepis, Homopholis, Blaesodactylus, Goggia, Rhoptropus, Elasmodactylus, Chondrodactylus, Colopus, Pachydactylus, Cnemaspis, Rhoptropella, Lygodactylus, Phelsuma

References

^ Gamble, Tony; Bauer, Aaron M.; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd R. (21 August 2007). "Evidence for Gondwanan vicariance in an ancient clade of gecko lizards". Journal of Biogeography: 070821084123003––. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01770.x.
^ Gamble, T.; Bauer, A.M.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R. (July 2008). "Out of the blue: A novel, trans-Atlantic clade of geckos (Gekkota, Squamata)". Zoologica Scripta. 37 (4): 355–366. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00330.x.
^ Gamble, T.; Bauer, A.M.; Colli, G.R.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Vitt, L.J.; Simons, A.M. (February 2011). "Coming to America: Multiple Origins of New World Geckos". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 24 (2): 231–244. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02184.x. PMC 3075428. PMID 21126276.
^ Gamble, Tony; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd R.; Russell, Anthony P.; Bauer, Aaron M. (June 27, 2012). "Repeated Origin and Loss of Adhesive Toepads in Geckos". PLOS ONE. 7 (6): e39429. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...739429G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039429. PMC 3384654. PMID 22761794.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Han, D.; Zhou, K.; Bauer, A.M. (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships among gekkotan lizards inferred from c-mos nuclear DNA sequences and a new classification of the Gekkota". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 83 (3): 353–368. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00393.x.
^ Gamble, T.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Bauer, A.M. (August 2015). "Into the light: Diurnality has evolved multiple times in geckos". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 115 (4): 896–910. doi:10.1111/bij.12536.
^ Gabriela Fontanarrosa, Juan D. Daza & Virginia Abdala (2017). Cretaceous fossil gecko hand reveals a strikingly modern scansorial morphology: Qualitative and biometric analysis of an amber-preserved lizard hand. Cretaceous Research. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.003
^ Gamble, T.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Bauer, A.M. (August 2015). "Into the light: Diurnality has evolved multiple times in geckos". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 115 (4): 896–910. doi:10.1111/bij.12536.
^ Gamble, T.; Bauer, A.M.; Colli, G.R.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Vitt, L.J.; Simons, A.M. (February 2011). "Coming to America: Multiple Origins of New World Geckos". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 24 (2): 231–244. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02184.x. PMC 3075428. PMID 21126276.
^ Pyron, R Alexander, Frank T Burbrink and John J Wiens. 2013. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93

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[1] Gamble, Tony; Bauer, Aaron M.; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd R. (21 August 2007). "Evidence for Gondwanan vicariance in an ancient clade of gecko lizards". Journal of Biogeography: 070821084123003––. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01770.x.

[2] Gamble, T.; Bauer, A.M.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R. (July 2008). "Out of the blue: A novel, trans-Atlantic clade of geckos (Gekkota, Squamata)". Zoologica Scripta. 37 (4): 355–366. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00330.x.

[3] Gamble, T.; Bauer, A.M.; Colli, G.R.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Vitt, L.J.; Simons, A.M. (February 2011). "Coming to America: Multiple Origins of New World Geckos". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 24 (2): 231–244. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02184.x. PMC 3075428. PMID 21126276.

[4] Gamble, Tony; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd R.; Russell, Anthony P.; Bauer, Aaron M. (June 27, 2012). "Repeated Origin and Loss of Adhesive Toepads in Geckos". PLOS ONE. 7 (6): e39429. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...739429G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039429. PMC 3384654. PMID 22761794.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[5] Han, D.; Zhou, K.; Bauer, A.M. (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships among gekkotan lizards inferred from c-mos nuclear DNA sequences and a new classification of the Gekkota". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 83 (3): 353–368. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00393.x.

[6] Gamble, T.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Bauer, A.M. (August 2015). "Into the light: Diurnality has evolved multiple times in geckos". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 115 (4): 896–910. doi:10.1111/bij.12536.

[7] Gabriela Fontanarrosa, Juan D. Daza & Virginia Abdala (2017). Cretaceous fossil gecko hand reveals a strikingly modern scansorial morphology: Qualitative and biometric analysis of an amber-preserved lizard hand. Cretaceous Research. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.003

[8] Gamble, T.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Bauer, A.M. (August 2015). "Into the light: Diurnality has evolved multiple times in geckos". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 115 (4): 896–910. doi:10.1111/bij.12536.

[9] Gamble, T.; Bauer, A.M.; Colli, G.R.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Vitt, L.J.; Simons, A.M. (February 2011). "Coming to America: Multiple Origins of New World Geckos". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 24 (2): 231–244. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02184.x. PMC 3075428. PMID 21126276.

[Pyron-10] Pyron, R Alexander, Frank T Burbrink and John J Wiens. 2013. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93

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