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Blues ballad

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The term blues ballad is used to refer to a specific form of popular music which fused Anglo-American and Afro-American styles from the late 19th century onwards. Early versions combined elements of the European influenced "native American ballad" with the forms of African American music.[1] From the 20th century on it was also used to refer to a slow tempo, often sentimental song in a blues style.

Structure and variations

The blues ballad often uses the Thirty-two-bar form of verse-verse-bridge-verse, in contrast to the 12-bar or 8-bar blues forms.[2]

The first blues ballads tended to deal with active protagonists, often anti-heroes, resisting adversity and authority, often in the context of industrialisation. They usually lacked the strong narrative common in European ballads, and emphasised instead individual character.[3] They were often accompanied by banjo and guitar and often followed a standard 12-bar the blues format, with a repeated refrain in the last line of every verse.[1] Blues ballads are usually anonymously authored and were performed by both black and white musicians in the early 20th century. Ballads about anti-heroes include "Wild Bill Jones", "Stagger Lee" and "John Hardy".[4] The most famous blues ballads that deal with heroes in the context of industrialisation include those about John Henry and Casey Jones.[3]

Blues ballads in other genres

From the late 19th century the term ballad began to be used for sentimental songs with their origins in the early ‘Tin Pan Alley’ music industry.[5] As new genres of music, including the blues, began to emerge in the early 20th century the popularity of the genre faded, but the association with sentimentality meant led to this being used as the term for a slow love song from the 1950s onwards.[3]

Today the term is used to describe a song that uses a blues format with a slow tempo, often dealing with themes of love and affection.[5] Examples include songs like B. B. King's "Blues on the Bayou",[6] Fats Domino's "Every night about this time",[7] Percy Mayfield's love song "Please Send Me Someone to Love", and Buddy Johnson's "Since I Fell for You". The blues ballad format is also popular in rock, jazz, country music, such as Janis Joplin[8] "Cry Baby", Jimi Hendrix "Red House", Grand Funk Railroad "Heartbreaker",[9] Jazzy blues singer Charles Brown " Merry Christmas, Baby", "Please Come Home for Christmas", Phoebe Snow "Poetly Man", "SanFrancisco Bay Blues", country singer Crystal Gayle " Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue"[10], and Freddy Fender "Wasted Days and Wasted Nights".

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b T. A. Green, Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art (ABC-CLIO, 1997), p. 81.
  2. ^ Boyd, Jack (1991). Encore!: A Guide to Enjoying Music, p.31. ISBN 978-0-87484-862-5. "[32-bar form] is sometimes called ballad form because so many of our popular ballads, middle-of-the-road popular songs, and Country Western songs use this form."
  3. ^ a b c N. Cohen, Folk Music: a Regional Exploration (Greenwood, 2005), pp. 14-29.
  4. ^ R. DeV Renwick, Recentering Anglo/American Folksong: Sea Crabs and Wicked Youths (University Press of Mississippi, 2009), pp. 25-6.
  5. ^ a b D. M. Randel, The Harvard Dictionary of Music (Harvard University Press, 4th edn., 2003), p. 73,
  6. ^ R. Kostelanetz and J. Reiswig, The B.B. King Reader: 6 Decades of Commentary (Hal Leonard Corporation, 2nd edn., 2005), p. 287.
  7. ^ R. Coleman, "Blue Monday: Fats Domino and the Lost Dawn of Rock 'n' Roll (Da Capo Press, 2007), p. 63.
  8. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-12-16. Retrieved 2017-04-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ http://www.discogs.com/ja/...100-Hits-Blues-Ballads.../78057... [dead link]
  10. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944-2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 131.
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