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Shannon River Basin

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Shannon River Basin
River Fergus, Ennis
Upper Shannon Basin
Location
CountryIreland
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationShannon Pot
Mouth 
 • location
Loop Head
Length224 miles
Basin size11,700 km2
Basin features
River systemRiver Shannon
Tributaries 
 • leftOwenmore River (County Cavan)
 • rightBoyle River

The Shannon River Basin consists of the area containing Ireland's longest river, the River Shannon, and all of its tributaries and lakes. The official Ordnance Survey Ireland length of the Shannon from its Shannon Pot source is 224 miles (360 km) made up of 63.5 miles (102.2 km) tidal water flow and 160.5 miles (258.3 km) freshwater flow.[1]

Statistics

The Shannon Basin is Ireland's largest basin with an area of 11,700 km2 (4,500 sq mi). Including the estuary and the River Feale, the total catchment drains a total of 16,865 km2 (6,512 sq mi).[2]

It has a Long Term Average Flow of 208.1 m3/s (7,350 cu ft/s) (at Limerick City).[3] This is double the flow rate of Ireland's second largest river, the River Corrib (104.8 m3/s [3,700 cu ft/s]).[3] If the discharges from all of the rivers and streams into the Shannon Estuary (including the rivers Feale 34.6 m3/s, Maigue 15.6 m3/s, Fergus 25.7 m3/s, and Deel 7.4 m3/s)[4][5] are added to the discharge at Limerick, the total discharge of the River Shannon at its mouth at Loop Head reaches 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s).

The River Shannon is a traditional freshwater river for just 45% of its total length. Excluding the 63.5-mile (102.2 km) tidal estuary from its total length of 224 miles (360 km), if one also excludes the lakes (L. Derg 24 mi, L. Ree 18 mi, L. Allen 7 mi[6] plus L. Boderg, L. Bofin, L. Forbes, L. Corry) from the Shannon's freshwater flow of 160.5 miles (258.3 km), the Shannon as a freshwater river is only about 100 miles (160 km) long.

The Shannon River Basin is part of the Shannon International River Basin District (SHIRBD)[7] administrative area which has an area of 17,963 km2 (6,936 sq mi) in area. In addition to the Shannon Basin, the district also covers coastal parts of Kerry and Clare which drain to the sea. The SHIRBD contains 7,666 km (4,763 mi) of rivers, 1,220 km (760 mi) of coastline including estuaries, and 113 lakes, including 53 over 50 hectares (120 acres) in size. The main land use throughout the SHIRBD area is agriculture (70.7%). Peatlands (11.1%) and forestry (3.2%) are also important. The SHIRBD's population is 618,884 at 34 inhabitants per square kilometre (88/sq mi) (Census data 2002).[8]

Lower Shannon Basin including the Shannon Estuary

Furthest sources

There are some tributaries within the River Shannon system which have headwaters that are further in length (from source to mouth) than the Shannon Pot source, such as the Owenmore River (County Cavan) in County Cavan, which flows west for 14.5 km (9.0 mi)[9] through the valley of Glangevlin before joining the Shannon about 3 km (2 mi) below the Shannon Pot at Lugnashinna,[10] thus adding 11 km (7 mi) to the Shannon's overall length, bringing it to 372 km (231 mi).

Upper Shannon catchment (with Shannon source, Owenmore River (County Cavan) and Boyle River Basin)

Also the Boyle River has a similar claim. The river flow from the furthest reaches of the Boyle catchment to Limerick city has a measurement of 290 km (180 mi).[11] When added to the Shannon's 102.2 km (63.5 miles) estuary this gives a total river flow of 392.1 km (243.6 mi), which makes it the longest river within the River Shannon basin (from source to mouth)—31.6 km (19.6 mi) longer than the Shannon Pot source. Thus the Boyle-Shannon river can be regarded as having the longest natural river flow in Ireland.[12]

Geography

The River Shannon Basin touches more than half (17) of Ireland's counties:- Limerick, Clare, Tipperary, Offaly, Westmeath, Longford, Roscommon, Kerry, Galway, Leitrim, Cavan, Sligo, Mayo, Cork, Laois, Meath and Fermanagh.[13]

There are many towns situated in the Shannon Basin.

Towns and Villages (with 2011 populations[14]) within the Shannon River Basin and the rivers and riverbanks on which they stand:

Shannon River: (going downstream)

River Suck at Ballyforan Bridge

Shannon River tributaries:

Tributary Sub Catchments

River Boyle at Coothall

Freshwater Catchments (With Areas - km2) Going downstream

Left Bank:

Right Bank:

Estuarine Catchments Areas

Left Bank:

Right Bank:

There are many other smaller tributaries which join the Shannon along its journey.

Lakes

There are a multitude of lakes within the Shannon River Basin, both on the main river and throughout the sub-catchments.

Here is a table showing the major lakes:

LAKE AREA BASIN
Lough Derg 130 km2 Shannon
Lough Ree 105 km2 Shannon
Lough Allen 35 km2 Shannon
Lough Sheelin 19 km2 Inny
Lough Ennell 14.34 km2 Brosna
Lough Gara 11.9 km2 Boyle
Lough Derravaragh 10.8 km2 Inny
Lough Owel 10.3 km2 Brosna
Lough Bofin/Boderg/Scannal 9.7 km2[17] Shannon
Lough Key 8.4 km2 Boyle
Lough Graney 3.7 km2 Graney
Lough Forbes 3 km2 Shannon
Lough Eidin (Drumharlow Lough) 2.7 km2 Boyle
Lough Funshinagh 2.5 km2[18] Shannon
Lough Sheelin, Co. Cavan

See also

References

  1. ^ Ordnance Survey (Ireland) Educational Facts
  2. ^ a b Biology and Management of European Eel (Anguilla anguilla, L) in the Shannon Estuary, Ireland [1]
  3. ^ a b South Eastern River Basin Management: Page 38 Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Long-term effects of hydropower installations and associated river regulation on River Shannon eel populations: mitigation and management [2]
  5. ^ SFPC Maintenance Dredging Application: Table 3-7 Archived 2014-12-08 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Ask about Ireland
  7. ^ "Shannon River Basin District". Archived from the original on 2016-04-14. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
  8. ^ Shannon International River Basin District Eel Management Plan Archived 2013-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Ordnance Survey of Ireland: Rivers and their Catchment Basins 1958 (Table of Reference)
  10. ^ P. W. Joyce (1900). "Cavan". Atlas and Cyclopedia of Ireland. Murphy & McCarthy.
  11. ^ River Habitat Survey, Fig. 2
  12. ^ European Commission Rivers Map
  13. ^ Shannon Catchment-based Flood Risk Assessment and Management (CFRAM) Study. Page 3 [3]
  14. ^ Census 2011 – Population Classified by Area - Table 5
  15. ^ a b c d e f http://europeaneel.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/chapter-2-study-area.pdf
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Dublin Marine Institute 1998: Studies of Irish Rivers and Lakes: Moriarty, Christopher - Table 10.1.
  17. ^ Google Maps
  18. ^ THE GSI GROUNDWATER NEWSLETTER - Page 9
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