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Typhoon Kit (1966)

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Typhoon Kit (Emang)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Kit (June 26, 1966)
FormedJune 20, 1966
DissipatedJune 29, 1966
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 315 km/h (195 mph)
Lowest pressure880 hPa (mbar); 25.99 inHg
Fatalities64 death, 19 missing
Areas affectedJapan
Part of the 1966 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Kit, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Emang was a Super Typhoon approached Japan in June 1966.

Meteorological history

track of Kit
Typhoon kit 1966 ESSA-2

The incipient disturbance that became Super Typhoon Kit was first identified on June 20 near Chuuk State in the Federated States of Micronesia.[1] The JMA designated that system as a tropical depression that day as the system moved steadily westward.[2] The JTWC followed suit with this classification on June 22 following an investigation by reconnaissance. Early the next day, the depression acquired gale-force winds and was dubbed Tropical Storm Kit. Turning to the northwest, Kit developed a 35–55 km (20–35 mi) wide eye and reached typhoon status late on June 23.[1] Rapid intensification ensued late on June 24 into June 25; Kit's central pressure dropped 51 mbar (hPa; 1.51 inHg) in 18 hours from 965 mbar (hPa; 28.50 inHg) to 914 mbar (hPa; 26.99 inHg).[3] During this time, Kit's eye contracted to 13 to 17 km (8.1 to 10.6 mi).[1] At 06:00 UTC on June 26, the JMA estimated Kit's pressure to have abruptly dropped to 880 mbar (hPa; 25.99 inHg),[2] which would rank it among the top ten most intense tropical cyclones on record.[4] Around this time, the JTWC estimated Kit to have attained peak winds of 315 km/h (195 mph);[3][5] however, these winds are likely an overestimate.[6] A later reconnaissance mission on June 26 reported a pressure of 912 mbar (hPa; 26.93 inHg), the lowest observed in relation to the typhoon.[1] Weakening ensued thereafter as the system accelerated to the north-northeast. Retaining typhoon strength, Kit brushed southeastern Honshu, Japan, on June 28, passing roughly 155 km (100 mi) east of Tokyo. The system subsequently weakened to a tropical storm and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone south of Hokkaido on June 29.[3] The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reported the remnants of Kit to have dissipated the following day near northeastern Hokkaido.[7] However, the JMA states that the system turned eastward and accelerated over the north Pacific before losing its identity on July 3 near the International Dateline.[2]

Most intense Pacific typhoons
Typhoon Season Pressure
hPa inHg
1 Tip 1979 870 25.7
2 June 1975 875 25.8
Nora 1973
4 Forrest 1983 876[8] 25.9
5 Ida 1958 877 25.9
6 Rita 1978 878 26.0
7 Kit 1966 880 26.0
Vanessa 1984
9 Nancy 1961 882 26.4
10 Irma 1971 884 26.1
11 Nina 1953 885 26.1
Joan 1959
Megi 2010
Source: JMA Typhoon Best Track Analysis
Information for the North Western Pacific Ocean.[9]

Impact

Although the center of Kit remained offshore, torrential rains and damaging winds wreaked havoc in eastern Japan.[10] An estimated 510 to 760 mm (20 to 30 in) of rain fell across the region, triggering deadly landslides and floods.[11] More than 128,000 homes were affected by flooding, of which 433 collapsed.[12] Large stretches of roadway crumbled or were blocked by landslides. Additionally, service along the 480 km (300 mi) Tokyo–Osaka rail line was disrupted for 12 hours.[10] "Hip-deep" waters also shut down Tokyo's subway system, stranding an estimated 2 million people.[13][14] Throughout the country, 64 people lost their lives while a further 19 were listed missing.[12] In the aftermath of the typhoon, 25 workers died from carbon monoxide poisoning from a portable generator while repairing a damaged irrigation tunnel near Utsunomiya.[15]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Chapter V: Individual Tropical Cyclones in 1966: Typhoon Kit". Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). United States Navy. 1967. pp. 102–108. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c "Typhoon 196604 (Kit) - Detailed Track Information". Japan Meteorological Agency. National Institute of Informatics. October 17, 1990. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c Frank P. Rossi, ed. (May 1967). "Typhoons of the Western North Pacific, 1966". Mariners Weather Log. 11 (3). Washington, D.C.: 75–82.
  4. ^ "Typhoon List by Lowest Central Pressure: 870 hPa to 895 hPa". Japan Meteorological Agency. National Institute of Informatics. 2015. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  5. ^ "Super Typhoon 4 (Kit) Best Track" (.TXT). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 1967. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  6. ^ John A. Knaff; Charles R. Sampson (2006). "Reanalysis of West Pacific Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity 1966–1987" (PDF). American Meteorological Society. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  7. ^ Patrick E. Hughes, ed. (November 1966). "Tracks of Centers of Cyclones at Sea Level, North Pacific: June 1966". Mariners Weather Log. 10 (6). Washington, D.C.: 215.
  8. ^ "World Tropical Cyclone Records". World Meteorological Organization. Arizona State University. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
  9. ^ Japan Meteorological Agency. "RSMC Best Track Data (Text)" (TXT).
  10. ^ a b "Typhoon Kit Takes 52 Lives". Mt. Vernon Register-News. Tokyo, Japan. Associated Press. June 29, 1966. p. 1.  – via Newspapers.com (subscription required)
  11. ^ "Typhoon Kit kills 38". The Oneonta Star. Tokyo, Japan. Associated Press. July 1, 1966. p. 13.  – via Newspapers.com (subscription required)
  12. ^ a b "台風196604号 (Kit) - 災害情報" (in Japanese). 国立情報学研究所. 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  13. ^ "Typhoon Kit Dies Down After Killing Over 50". The Index-Journal. Tokyo, Japan. Associated Press. June 29, 1966. p. 32.  – via Newspapers.com (subscription required)
  14. ^ "Hip-Deep Water". The Daily Chronicle. Associated Press. July 1, 1966. p. 4.  – via Newspapers.com (subscription required)
  15. ^ "Death of 25 Blamed On Monoxide Exhaust". Albuquerque Journal. Utsunomiya, Japan. United Press International. July 10, 1966. p. 63.  – via Newspapers.com (subscription required)
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