Geodorum terrestre
| Pink shepherds' crook | |
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| Illustration of Geodorum terrestre from Curtis's Botanical Magazine | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Subtribe: | Eulophiinae |
| Genus: | Geodorum |
| Species: | G. terrestre
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| Binomial name | |
| Geodorum terrestre | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Geodorum terrestre, commonly known as pink shepherds' crook[2] or bent orchid,[3] is a plant in the orchid family and is native to areas from tropical Asia to northern Australia. It is a terrestrial orchid with broad, pleated leaves and up to and twenty pale pink flowers with dark red veins on the labellum. It grows in wetter habitats including swamps.
Description
Geodorum terrestre is a leafy, terrestrial herb with crowded, often yellowish pseudobulbs 30–50 mm (1–2 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) wide. The leaves are glabrous, pleated and 250–350 mm (9.8–14 in) long and 60–80 mm (2–3 in) wide. Between eight and twenty pale pink flowers 18–20 mm (0.7–0.8 in) wide are borne on a flowering stem 200–300 mm (8–10 in) long. As the flowers open, the flowering stem droops downwards and as the flowers wilt, the stem becomes upright again. The sepals are 12–15 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, about 4 mm (0.2 in) wide with boat-shaped lateral sepals. The petals are 13–16 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide. The labellum is pink with dark red veins, 13–15 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long and 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) wide with the sides curved upwards. Flowering occurs between December and February in Australia and between March and May, or October and November in Asia.[2][3][4]
Taxonomy and naming
Pink shepherds' crook was first described in 1759 by Carl Linnaeus who gave it the name Epidendrum terrestre. He published the description in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, based on an illustration in Rumphius's Herbarium amboinense.[5][6] In 1994, Paul Abel Ormerod changed the name to Phaius terrestris[7] but Leslie Andrew Garay considers that it was a mistake to attempt to reconcile Linnaeus' description with a later description from 1763, and relies on the original illustration in the Herbarium Amboinense. In 1997, Garay changed the name to Geodorum terrestre.[8][9] The specific epithet (terrestre) is a Latin word meaning "of the earth",[10] referring to the terrestrial habit of this orchid.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Geodorum terrestre occurs between Nepal and northern Australia. It grows in moist forest including rainforest, in river gullies and near waterfalls. In Australia it occurs in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, in northern parts of the Northern Territory and in eastern Australia between Cape York and the Macleay River in New South Wales.[2][3][11]
References
- ^ a b "Geodorum terrestre". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ a b c Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 360. ISBN 1877069124.
- ^ a b c d Brown, Andrew; Dixon, Kingsley; French, Christopher; Brockman, Garry (2013). Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia. Simon Nevill Publications. p. 492. ISBN 9780980348149.
- ^ Averyanov, Leonid V.; Nguyen, Van Canh; Nguyen, Hoang Tuan; Truong, Ba Vuong; Nguyen, Phi Tam; Nguyen, Sinh Khang; Maisak, Tatiana V.; Nguyen, Hiep Tien; Bui, Duc Nam; Chu, Xuan Canh (2018). "New Orchids (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae and Vandoideae) in the Flora of Vietnam". Taiwania. 63 (3). National Taiwan University, College of Life Science: 209.
- ^ "Epidendrum terrestre". APNI. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1759). Systema Naturae (Volume 10). p. 1246. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
- ^ "Phaius terrestris". APNI. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
- ^ "Geodorum terrestre". APNI. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
- ^ Garay, Leslie A. (1997). "De nominibus orchidacearum incunabulorum". Harvard Papers in Botany. 2 (1): 47–54.
- ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 787.
- ^ "Geodorum terrestre". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.