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Sacsin also known as DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 29 (DNAJC29) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SACSgene.[5][6] Sacsin is a Hsp70co-chaperone.[7]
Function
This gene consists of nine exons including a gigantic exon spanning more than 12.8k bp. It encodes the sacsin protein, which includes a UBQ region at the N-terminus, a HEPN domain at the C-terminus and a DnaJ region upstream of the HEPN domain. This modular protein is essential for normal mitochondrial network organization.[8] The gene is highly expressed in the central nervous system, also found in skin, skeletal muscles and at low levels in the pancreas. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early-onset cerebellar ataxia with spasticity and peripheral neuropathy.[6]
Engert JC, Bérubé P, Mercier J, Doré C, Lepage P, Ge B, Bouchard JP, Mathieu J, Melançon SB, Schalling M, Lander ES, Morgan K, Hudson TJ, Richter A (February 2000). "ARSACS, a spastic ataxia common in northeastern Québec, is caused by mutations in a new gene encoding an 11.5-kb ORF". Nature Genetics. 24 (2): 120–5. doi:10.1038/72769. PMID10655055.
Mercier J, Prévost C, Engert JC, Bouchard JP, Mathieu J, Richter A (2001). "Rapid detection of the sacsin mutations causing autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay". Genetic Testing. 5 (3): 255–9. doi:10.1089/10906570152742326. PMID11788093.
Criscuolo C, Banfi S, Orio M, Gasparini P, Monticelli A, Scarano V, Santorelli FM, Perretti A, Santoro L, De Michele G, Filla A (January 2004). "A novel mutation in SACS gene in a family from southern Italy". Neurology. 62 (1): 100–2. doi:10.1212/wnl.62.1.100. PMID14718706.
Grieco GS, Malandrini A, Comanducci G, Leuzzi V, Valoppi M, Tessa A, Palmeri S, Benedetti L, Pierallini A, Gambelli S, Federico A, Pierelli F, Bertini E, Casali C, Santorelli FM (January 2004). "Novel SACS mutations in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay type". Neurology. 62 (1): 103–6. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000104491.66816.77. PMID14718707.
Ogawa T, Takiyama Y, Sakoe K, Mori K, Namekawa M, Shimazaki H, Nakano I, Nishizawa M (January 2004). "Identification of a SACS gene missense mutation in ARSACS". Neurology. 62 (1): 107–9. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000099371.14478.73. PMID14718708.
Richter AM, Ozgul RK, Poisson VC, Topaloglu H (September 2004). "Private SACS mutations in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) families from Turkey". Neurogenetics. 5 (3): 165–70. doi:10.1007/s10048-004-0179-y. PMID15156359.
Shimazaki H, Takiyama Y, Sakoe K, Ando Y, Nakano I (June 2005). "A phenotype without spasticity in sacsin-related ataxia". Neurology. 64 (12): 2129–31. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000166031.91514.B3. PMID15985586.
Yamamoto Y, Hiraoka K, Araki M, Nagano S, Shimazaki H, Takiyama Y, Sakoda S (December 2005). "Novel compound heterozygous mutations in sacsin-related ataxia". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 239 (1): 101–4. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.08.005. PMID16198375.
Ouyang Y, Takiyama Y, Sakoe K, Shimazaki H, Ogawa T, Nagano S, Yamamoto Y, Nakano I (April 2006). "Sacsin-related ataxia (ARSACS): expanding the genotype upstream from the gigantic exon". Neurology. 66 (7): 1103–4. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000204300.94261.ea. PMID16606928.
Takado Y, Hara K, Shimohata T, Tokiguchi S, Onodera O, Nishizawa M (April 2007). "New mutation in the non-gigantic exon of SACS in Japanese siblings". Movement Disorders. 22 (5): 748–9. doi:10.1002/mds.21365. PMID17290461.
