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Bengali language movements in India

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The Bengali Language Movement is a campaign to preserve Bengali language and Bengalis culture in India.[1] The movement was started in Manbhum in 1940, ahead of the Partition of India which allocated eastern Bengal to the new nation of Pakistan and led to the relocation of many Bengali communities.[1] The Movement remains prominent in Assam, Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka.[2][3][4]

Background of Bangali Language Movement in different states

In 1947 British India bifurcated into India and Pakistan.[5] The population of the eastern part of Bengal was majority Muslim, and was incorporated into Pakistan. Bengali Hindus in this eastern region migrated to India, principally settling in West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Dandakaranya and Odisha,[3] Maharashtra, Karnataka.[4]

Assam

Main article: Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley)
A memorial built on memory of language martyrs at Silchar railway
station Silchar railway station language Known as Shahid Station

The Bengali language movement of Barak Valley in Assam was the protests against the decision of Assamese government making Assamese language as the state's only official language, though majority of the population was the Bengali-speaking in Barak Valley. The main event happened on 19 May 1961. On that day, 11 defendants were killed in provincial police.[6] After that Bengali was declared as the Official Language of the valley and Second Official language of the state.

Chhattisgarh

After dividing the country of 1947, the project of Dandakaranya of the Hindu refugees of East Bengal Through rehabilitation in 132 villages and 33 villages of Pachanjoore. Later the Bengalis in Bangladesh, arrangements for reading, primary and secondary education were arranged. However, if the Dandakaranya project is closed Government of Chhattisgarh then stopped the education system in Bengal. Bengali medium schools were converted through Hindi. A small Bengali medium school Although there was no Bengali medium book provided. Bengali educators face discrimination. The students started showing protests. After the formation of movement under the leadership of the All India Bengali Refugees Association Containing Bengali medium schools, Bangla in primary and secondary level and Bangla in government service Movement continued to demand use They started from Chhattisgarh's patchwork in the capital, Delhi The protests continued. While solving some of the temporary problems, the fighters still struggle for the rest of the movement.[7][8][9][10][11]

Karnataka

A section of the refugees of East Bengal took shelter in different villages of the southern state of Karnataka. There was no arrangement for Bangla readers to read Bengali there. Bengali medium and Bengali Bengalis in Karnataka took the movement to accept the language as a text issue. Their demand for movement The Karnataka government arranges for Bengali reading in the Bengali villages of the country.[12] Bengalis In Karnataka, the Government of Karnataka recognized Bengal as the second language in the movement.[12]

Bihar

Main article: Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
Interview of language soldiers participating in Bangla Language Movement of Manbhum
Bhabini Mahato to take part in the Bengali language movement manabhumera.

When the Indian government imposed the Hindi language for Bengali speaking people living in Manbhum district of the state of Bihar, they forced the government to form a new district in the state of West Bengal by making this movement for Bangla language.

Jharkhand

Jharkhand is not only in the neighboring state of West Bengal but parts of Rarh region of western part of ancient Bengal are included in this particular state. In many districts of this state, the districts were not included in West Bengal despite the Bengali population being the largest. In addition, Bangla and tribes of Bangla Jharkhand (which are called the Definition of Bengali) are the languages connecting However, although Hindi English and Urdu have the status of the official language of the state, Bengali is still not recognized as the official language. Many Bengali organizations of Jharkhand and tribal organizations have long been demanding to declare Bangla as the official language. Although Bengal was declared the second official language of Bengal under the pressure of Bengali movement in Jharkhand, it has not been implemented. Apart from Bangla-speaking students, the deprivation has been accepted, Bengali medium schools have been converted through Hindi.[13][14][15]

Delhi

During the partition of India in 1947 refugees from East Bengal took refuge in Delhi in the capital of India. At that time, Chittaranjan Park was the main residence in Delhi. Bengali's living in Delhi from last 200 years when Bengal regiment captured Delhi from Maratha in 1803. Bengali's living in Delhi from the time of Mughal when Sultan of Bengal used to do trade. Many Bengali buinsessman used to come to Delhi and stayed. Many Bengali school which established before independence. Around more than 10 Bengali school's opened before independence and they are N P Bengali Girls Senior Secondary School, Shyama Prasad Vidyalaya, Bidhan Chandra Vidyalaya Senior Secondary School, Union Academy Senior Secondary School, Lady Irwin Senior Secondary School, Raisina Bengali Senior Secondary School, Bengali school J Block Laxmi nagar, Bengali Boys Senior Secondary School, Vinay Nagar Bengali Senior Secondary School, Ramakrishna Sarda Mission Nivedita Vidyamandir and these school's are English medium with Bangla is a mandatory subject. Besides, Bengalis from West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, Jharkhand and other Bengali-speaking states of India came to Delhi, before the Sindhi, Punjabis, and Baniya's.

Bengalis became Delhi's second largest minority community. According to the Indian population, approximately 2.5 million (25 lakhs) Bengali people live in Delhi.[16] But, there too Bengalis acknowledged discrimination. Although there are other languages Nizasub academy in Delhi, there is no Bengali language academy. Bangla Medium School is not available for Bengali Studies in Delhi. Therefore, Bengalis in Delhi are protesting for the rights of language. Attempts at establishing a Bangla Academy in Delhi are currently underway due to the Bengali movement.[16]

North Dinajpur

Students of Daribhit High School near Islampur under North Dinajpur district, West Bengal, rising agitation for seeking Bengali medium teacher instead of Urdu medium teacher since mid-September 2018.[17][18] On 20 September 2018, newly appointed teacher of Urdu and Sanskrit try to join the school with help of police protection as flurry students, guardians, alumni and local residents started protesting and cumber peacefully against joining of Urdu teacher.[19][20] The newspaper reported, that time police fires and lathi-charge on flurry people. In this incident, two students namely Rajesh Sarkar,[21][22] and Tapas Barman[23][24] gunned down. Rajesh Sarkar died while he was taken to local hospital, and Tapas Barman died next day in the hospital. Another class tenth student Biplab Sarkar[25] also injured.[25]

References

  1. ^ a b "The Official Website of Purulia District". purulia.nic.in. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  2. ^ Pisharoty, Sangeeta Barooah. "In Language Movements of West Bengal and Assam, a Parallel in Governments' Responses". thewire.in. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  3. ^ a b Progress report. "29 New Villages Established in Dandakaranya" (PDF). Yojana. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Bengali | Gets | Second Language | Status | Karnataka". www.oneindia.com. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  5. ^ Khan, Yasmin (2007). The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300120783.
  6. ^ Choudhuri, Arjun. "Bhasha Shahid Divas". We The People, Barak Valley. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  7. ^ News of Dandkaranya. "Rebirth of Bangladeshi Hindu Refugee - Dandakaranya". Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  8. ^ refugees (2012-08-21). refugees and Borders : The Great Exodus of 1971. p. 151. ISBN 9781136250361. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  9. ^ Dandkaranya Project. Dandakaranya: A Survey of Rehabilitation (PDF). Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  10. ^ work. Villages Established (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  11. ^ Project Detail. "Rs. 7.81 crores has been provided for Rehabilitation". Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  12. ^ a b http://www.prothom-alo.com/amp/international/article/3856কর্ণাটকে-রাজ্যভাষার-মর্যাদা-পেল‘বাংলা’
  13. ^ "Bengalis feel ignored by Jharkhand govt - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  14. ^ "Make Bengali the second official language: Bangabhasi Samity". News18. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  15. ^ "Bengali Language & Bengali speaking population in Jharkhand". Anil mandal's blog. 2014-11-12. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  16. ^ a b কাঞ্জিলাল, সুমনা. "দিল্লিতে বাংলা আকাদেমি গঠনে তৎপরতা".
  17. ^ "Bengal: Students clash with police in school over appointment of teachers, one dead". The Indian Express. 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  18. ^ "Students clash with police over appointment of teachers in West Bengal, 1 dead". India Today. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  19. ^ Joarder, Sayani. "ইসলামপুরের স্কুলে চলল গুলি, নিহত ছাত্র". kolkata24x7.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  20. ^ "উত্তর দিনাজপুরে ছাত্র পুলিশ খন্ড যুদ্ধে মৃত 1 আজ 12 ঘণ্টার বনধ ডাকল বিজেপি". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  21. ^ "| india news | Hindustan Times". hindustantimes.com/. 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  22. ^ "Bengali News - ছাত্র বিক্ষোভে বোমা-গুলি-লাঠিচার্জ ইসলামপুরে, মৃত ১ প্রাক্তন ছাত্র–News18 Bengali". bengali.news18.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  23. ^ সংবাদদাতা, নিজস্ব. "ইসলামপুরে গুলিবিদ্ধ আরও এক ছাত্রের মৃত্যু, বন‌্ধ ঘিরে অশান্তি". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  24. ^ "Islampur Clash: Another Student Dies, BJP Bandh Underway". The Wire. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
  25. ^ a b হেদায়েতুল্লা, মেহেদি. "জখম ছাত্রকে শিলিগুড়িতে". Anandabazar Patrika (in Bengali). Retrieved 2018-09-26.
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