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Benoît Chassériau

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Benoît Chassériau (also known as Benito Chassériau or Chasserieux; 19 August 1780 – 27 September 1844) was a French diplomat, French spy and Minister of the Interior of Cartagena, Colombia,[1][2] comrade in arms of Simón Bolívar. He was the father of the artist Théodore Chassériau.

Portrait of Benoit Chassériau in 1832 by Théodore Chassériau – Louvre Museum, Paris

Biography

Chassériau came very early in the administration and made the memorable Egypt campaign. Although very young, he administered as Financial Controller, two important provinces of Upper Egypt from 1798 to 1801 under the command of general François-Étienne Damas and then under general Augustin-Daniel Belliard.

From 1802 until 1807, he was Treasurer-General and Secretary General of the French colony, Santo Domingo. Appointed Treasurer-General during the expedition to Santo Domingo in 1802, Chassériau held the position of Secretary General in the government of general Jean-Louis Ferrand in the eastern part of Santo Domingo, ceded to France by the Treaty of Basel. During the invasion of the peninsula by the imperial armies, this part of the territory of Santo Domingo, remained more Spanish than French. Taken prisoner, Chassériau managed to escape but maritime war prevented him from returning to France. He visited the West Indies and the mainland of Spanish America. Chassériau was one of the French exiles at the origin of the city of Aigleville and the Vine and Olive Colony.

In 1813 Simón Bolívar appointed Chassériau Minister of the Interior and the Police in Cartagena, Colombia with his friend Antoine Leleux, who had the portfolio of War.[1][2][3]

Chassériau as commander[4] took a very active part in the first expedition led by independent against Portobelo (Panama) and Santa Marta. He left Cartagena with 460 men on board 8 schooners and attacked Portobelo (Panama) on 16 January 1814. This expedition was a failure and was rejected by the Spanish royalists controlled by governor Joaquín Rodríguez Valcárcel. The second expedition conducted in 1819 by Scottish general Gregor MacGregor was a success.

In 1822, Chassériau was the representative of the Masonic loge of the Guajira to the Grand Orient of France. Belonging to a lodge was more a sign of adherence to philosophical or religious principles in a revolutionary goal for freedom and against Spain.

Returned to France in 1822, François-René de Chateaubriand, then Minister of Foreign Affairs, sent him on a foreign posting from 1823 until 1824.[5] Chateaubriand gave two informal postings to Chassériau: the first mission was to ensure the mediation of France between Spain and the new state and the second mission to facilitate trade relations between Colombia and the French Caribbean colonies, mainly Martinique.[6]

From 1826 to 1830, Chassériau was employed by the Department of the Navy as agent in the Danish island of Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. From 1832 to 1833 he was employed by the Department of Foreign Affairs, as a Consul of France in St. Thomas. He was Honorary Consul accredited in Puerto Rico from 1835 to 1839, and served from 1840 to 1844 as Consul of France in Puerto Rico, which had a population of 450,000 – of which 12,000 were French.

Chassériau died in Puerto Rico on 27 September 1844.

Portrait of Benoit Chassériau by Théodore Chassériau – Louvre Museum, Paris

The French friend of Simón Bolívar

Chassériau maintained for many years a friendly relationship with Simón Bolívar who in his correspondence called him "my French friend".

In 1815, Chassériau indirectly saved the life of Bolívar in Kingston. On 10 December 1815 a few hours before the assassination attempt, Chassériau visited Bolivar and gave him money to seek alternative accommodation. Thus, the Liberator left the room where José Antonio Páez had slept for several nights and depended on the guesthouse Rafael Pisce at the corner of Prince and White streets. The same night, Pio the servant of Bolivar and Paez plunged a knife into the neck of Captain Felix Amestoy, thinking it was the Liberator.[7][8][9]

In 1816, Chassériau helped finance Simón Bolívar expedition to los Cayos in the southwestern part of Haiti. To collect 3,000 pesos, Chassériau formed a consortium with Jean Pavageau, Michael Scott, George Robertson, S. Campbell and Maxwell Hyslop. On his part, Chassériau lent the sum of 404 pesos to Simón Bolívar. To express his gratitude, Bolivar asked in 1827 the repayment of the loan by increasing interest at 6% per annum from 1 January 1816.[10][11]

Family

Chassériau was the last of 18 children of Jean Chassériau, merchant, ship owner, advisor to the City of La Rochelle. He married in 1806, Marie Madeleine Couret de la Blaquière, daughter of a wealthy French owner in Santo Domingo. He was the father of five children:

Distinctions

  • Knight of the Legion of Honor
  • Knight of the Royal Order of Dannebrog
  • Knight of Isabella the Catholic
  • Member of the Société royale des antiquaires du Nord, in Copenhagen

Bibliography

  • Conference "Benoît Chassériau, náufrago de Saint-Domingue, revolucionario en la Tierra Firme y agente de la Francia de la Restauración" by Daniel Gutiérrez Ardila and Efrain Gonzalo Sanchez, 12 September 2019, Luis Ángel Arango Library, Bogota (Colombia) – Conferences for the celebration of the bi-centenary of Colombia organized by the Bank of the Republic (Colombia)
  • Jean-Baptiste Nouvion, "Une autre 'affaire de Panama' ou le projet de conquête de quatre Français en 1820" (Louis-Michel Aury, Benoît Chassériau, Jean Pavageau and Jean-Baptiste de Novion), Revue d'histoire diplomatique, Paris, Éditions A. Pedone, no 2, 2019
  • Jean-Baptiste Nouvion,[12][13] Patrick Puigmal (postface), "L'ami des Colombiens, Benoît Chassériau (1780–1844)", LAC Editions, Paris, 2018 (ISBN 978-2-9565297-0-5)
  • Patrick Puigmal, "Diccionario de los militares napoleónicos durante la Independencia de los países bolivarianos : (Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador) / compilación e investigación", Centre de Recherches Diego Barros Arana de la Bibliothèque Nationale de Santiago (DIBAM), Chili, 2015
  • Daniel Gutiérrez Ardila, Benoît Chassériau en Colombie in "Les commissaires de la Restauration auprès des Etats hispano-américains (1818–1826)", Cahiers de l’Institut d’histoire de la Révolution française, Paris – 2014
  • William Spence Robertson, "France and Latin-American independence" (Chassériau mission in Colombia commissioned by the viscount of Chateaubriand), The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore – 1939
  • Jean-Louis Vaudoyer, "L’histoire de Benoit Chassériau, consul de France à Puerto Rico", Conférence du 17 juin 1935 à l'assemblée générale de la Société des amis du Louvre, Paris – 1935

Sources

Archives of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs – individual file n° 889 Benoît Chassériau

Notes

  1. ^ a b ‘Indiana University Publications: Social science series, Volumes 8–10 p.58 – Publisher Indiana University, 1939
  2. ^ a b ‘Selected Writings of Bolivar: 1823–1830’ – Ed. Colonial Press, 1951 – Latin America
  3. ^ ‘Simón Bolívar, más allá del mito: una reconstrucción documental de la vida de El Libertador, don Simón Bolívar, sus relaciones con El Protector, don José de San Martín y sus conexiones con la pequeña y grande historia de América’ – Guillermo Ruíz Rivas – Ediciones Tercer Mundo, 1964
  4. ^ son nom est déformé en espagnol et s'écrit Benito Chaserieux – voir ‘La Independencia de Panamá en 1821: antecedentes, balance y proyecciones’ par Celestino Andrés Araúz – edition Academia Panameña de la Historia, 1980 (page 83) et ‘Panamá y sus relaciones internacionales: Estudio introductorio – Volume 15 of Biblioteca de la cultura panameña Volume 1 of Panamá y sus relaciones internacionales’ par Celestino Andrés Araúz – edition EUPAN, Editorial Universitaria, 1994 (page 17)
  5. ^ ‘Bulletin de la Société Chateaubriand – Édition La Vallée-aux-Loups, 1979 (page 8 to 10)
  6. ^ ‘‘The Beinecke Lesser Antilles Collection at Hamilton College: A Catalogue of Books, Manuscripts, Prints, Maps, and Drawings, 1521–1860’ par Samuel Jones Hough et Penelope R. O. Hough – Editions University Press of Florida, 1994 (pages 292, 293, 297, 299, 300 and 301)
  7. ^ ‘Bolívar y los emigrados patriotas en el Caribe (Trinidad, Curazao, San Thomas, Jamaica, Haití)’ – Par Paul Verna – Edition INCE, 1983 (pages 42, 43 and 96)
  8. ^ ‘Simón Bolívar: Ensayo de interpretación biográfica a través de sus documentos’ – Par Tomás Polanco Alcántara – Edition Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1994 (page 505)
  9. ^ ‘Petión y Bolívar: una etapa decisiva en la emancipación de Hispanoamérica, 1790–1830’ – Colección Bicentenario – Par Paul Verna – Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República, 1980 (page 131)
  10. ^ ‘Memorias del general O'Leary: Documentos Daniel Florencio O'Leary, Simón Bolívar O'Leary, Manuel Pérez Vila – Ed. Ministerio de la Defensa, 1981
  11. ^ ‘Robert Sutherland: un amigo de Bolívar en Haití : contribución al estudio de los destierros del Libertador en Haití, y de sus expediciones de Los Cayos y de Jacmel’ – Paul Verna – Ed. Fundación John Boulton, 1966 – Haiti (p. 23 and 25)
  12. ^ Biographical note in Le Figaro – Evene – Jean-Baptiste Nouvion
  13. ^ Article by Stéphane Guégan about "L'ami des Colombiens, Benoît Chassériau (1780–1844)", published in Mots dits LeMonde.fr – March 24 2019 Archived 20 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine and Catalog of the exhibition " Le modèle noir " at Musée d'Orsay, Flammarion – 2019, page 80, note 42
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