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Constance Sladen

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Constance Sladen
portrait by Henry Tanworth Wells in 1901
Born
Constance Anderson

11 August 1848
York
Died17 January 1906
Northbrook Park, near Exeter
Alma materYork School of Art
Occupation(s)Architectural Historian; Philanthropist

Constance Sladen (11 August 1848 – 17 January 1906) was an artist, architectural historian, and philanthropist who was one of the first female members of the Linnean Society of London and founded the Percy Sladen Memorial Trust in memory of her late husband.

Biography

Constance Anderson was born on 11 August 1848 in York.[1][2] Her father was Dr W C Anderson, Sheriff of York; her brothers were the volcanologist Tempest Anderson, and the barrister Yarborough Anderson; she had a younger sister Ellen, who became Lady Granger.[3] She studied at York School of Art, and later in Rome.[2]

In 1890, she married Percy Sladen, who was from a wealthy family from Halifax.[4] They had first met around 1870.[3] Percy Sladen was a zoologist and had a particular interest in echinoderms, creating an important collection, including specimens from the Challenger expedition.[4] In 1898 they moved to a home, Northbrook Park, near Exeter, which Percy had inherited.[3] His health was poor and it was hoped the new residence would improve it, however he died just two years later on a trip to Florence.[3] Their marriage was described as "a union of heart and mind, yielding a bright and tender sympathy which strengthened and stimulated him in his life's work".[2]

Research interests

Sladen (sixth from left) depicted in "Linnean Society of London First Formal Admission of Women Fellows" by James Sant in 1906

Sladen was a notable artist and researcher, who had a keen interest in ecclesiastical architecture and archaeology, as well as natural history.

Art

Constance was a talented artist.[2] Her pictures were exhibited in galleries in London and elsewhere.[5] Her portrait was painted by Henry Tanworth Wells in 1901.[6]

Architecture

Sladen was a noted authority on churches and cathedrals in Yorkshire, contributing to major works on the subject, including the section on York Minster in Cathedrals and Abbeys of England and Wales.[7] She also wrote on the churches of Louth, Bradford and Halifax, and on Selby Abbey.[2] She also wrote the architecture of Castle Howard.[5]

Scientific interests

Sladen was one of the first female members of the Linnean Society in London, joining as soon as their rules on membership altered: her membership was proposed in 1904 and she entered the society as a member in 1905.[8] She also assisted her husband in some of the classification of his collection.[9]

Philanthropy

After the death of her husband in 1900, Sladen was determined that his collection would be available for the public and endowed a new gallery and curatorial position at the Royal Albert Memorial Museum in Exeter.[4][10] She also endowed the Percy Sladen Memorial Trust in 1904 to provide funding for fieldwork for biologists and geologists around the world.[4]

Sladen died at Northbrook Park on 17 January 1906, an attack of influenza the previous year meant her health had declined.[3] She died, according to the Linnean Society of an "obscure disease" after some months of illness.[5] She is buried with her husband in the graveyard at St Luke's Church in Exeter.[11]

Legacy

After her death, Sladen was described as "a great benefactor of science" by the Linnean Society.[12] She features in the portrait by James Sant showing Linnean Society of London: First Formal Admission of Women Fellows, painted in 1906.[13] She is the standing figure centre-left in the portrait.[13]

Eponyms

Two species are named after Constance Sladen as a result of her philanthropic work. The white-bellied woolly mouse opossum (Marmosa constantiae) was named by Oldfield Thomas in honour of her financing the expedition by Alphonse Robert which collected the type specimen in 1902.[14][15][16] The Fernando Po swift (Apus sladeniae), a bird, was also named after Sladen, who provided financial support for its discovery.[17]

References

  1. ^ H., G. B. (1900). "Walter Percy Sladen". Nature. 62 (1602): 256–257. Bibcode:1900Natur..62..256G. doi:10.1038/062256c0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 44750010.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Mrs Percy Sladen", Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. (One Hundred and Eighteenth Session, 1905‐1906.) 2 November 1905, to 21 June 1906, p.41.
  3. ^ a b c d e Gardiner, Brian G. (2003). "A biography of Percy Sladen (1849–1900)" (PDF). The Linnean (Special Issue No. 4)
  4. ^ a b c d "Percy Sladen (1849–1900)". Royal Albert Memorial Museum & Art Gallery, Exeter. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  5. ^ a b c Bury, Henry (1 September 1907). "Introduction. Mrs. Sladen and the Percy Sladen Memorial Fund". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 2nd Series. Zoology. 12 (1): xxi–xxii. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1907.tb00514b.x.
  6. ^ "Mrs Constance Sladen". Royal Albert Memorial Museum & Art Gallery. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  7. ^ Cathedrals and abbeys of England & Wales. Bonney, T. G. (Thomas George), 1833–1923. London: Bracken Books. 1985. ISBN 0-946495-54-8. OCLC 13035779.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ^ Gage, A. T. (1938). A history of the Linnean Society of London: Printed for the Linnean Society by Taylor and Francis, p.90.
  9. ^ Narrating objects, collecting stories : essays in honour of professor Susan M. Pearce. Dudley, Sandra H., Pearce, Susan M. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. 2012. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-203-12012-5. OCLC 796803840.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  10. ^ The Museums Journal. Museums Association. 1906.
  11. ^ "Exeter Memories – Walter Percy Sladen". www.exetermemories.co.uk. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  12. ^ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. (One Hundred and Eighteenth Session, 1905‐1906.) 2 November 1905, to 21 June 1906.
  13. ^ a b Gage, A. T. (1938). A history of the Linnean Society of London: Printed for the Linnean Society by Taylor and Francis, p.90.
  14. ^ Thomas, O. (1904). "On the mammals collected by Mr. A. Robert at Chapada, Matto Grosso (Percy Sladen Expedition to central Brazil)". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1903 (2): 232–244.
  15. ^ Beolens, Bo. (2009). The eponym dictionary of mammals. Watkins, Michael, 1940–, Grayson, Michael. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-8018-9533-3. OCLC 593239356.
  16. ^ Smith, Paul; Owen, Robert D. (2016). "Marmosa constantiae (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)". Mammalian Species. 48 (941): 123–129. ISSN 0076-3519. JSTOR 90021299.
  17. ^ Beolens, B., Watkins, M. and Grayson, M. (2020). The Eponym Dictionary of Birds: Bloomsbury Publishing, p. 516.
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