Nawathinehena language

Nawathinehena
Native to	United States
Era	attested 1899
Language family	Algic Algonquian Plains Algonquian Arapahoan Nawathinehena
Language codes
ISO 639-3	nwa
Linguist List	nwa
Glottolog	nawa1259

Nawathinehena is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken among the Arapaho people. It had a phonological development quite different from either Gros Ventre or Arapaho proper. It has been identified as the former language of the Southern Arapaho, who switched to speaking Arapaho proper in the 19th century. However, the language is not well attested, being documented only in a vocabulary collected in 1899 by Alfred L. Kroeber from the Oklahoma Arapaho.

While it shares many important phonological innovations with Arapaho, it presents the merger of *r, *θ and *s with *t as t instead of n as in Arapaho, a sound change reminiscent of Blackfoot and Cheyenne (Goddard 1974, Jacques 2013). PA *w changes to m instead of merging with *r, *s and *n as n.

References

• Goddard, Ives (1974). "An Outline of the Historical Phonology of Arapaho and Atsina". International Journal of American Linguistics. 40 (2): 102–16. doi:10.1086/465292. S2CID 144253507. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Jacques, Guillaume 2013. The sound change s>n in Arapaho, Folia Linguistica Historica 34:43-57
• Mithun, Marianne 1999. The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

External links

• OLAC resources in and about the Nawathinehena language