Mineraloid
A mineraloid is a naturally occurring mineral-like substance that does not demonstrate crystallinity. Mineraloids possess chemical compositions that vary beyond the generally accepted ranges for specific minerals. For example, obsidian is an amorphous glass and not a crystal. Jet is derived from decaying wood under extreme pressure. Opal is another mineraloid because of its non-crystalline nature. Pearl is considered a mineraloid because the included calcite and/or aragonite crystals are bonded by an organic material, and there is no definite proportion of the components.
Examples
- Allophane solid (IMA/CNMNC valid mineral name)
- Anthracite or hard coal
- Amber, non-crystalline structure, organic
- Bituminous coal
- Chlorophaeite[1]
- Chrysocolla solid (IMA/CNMNC valid mineral name)
- Deweylite, a mixture of serpentine and talc or stevensite[2]
- Diatomite
- Ebonite, vulcanized natural or synthetic rubber (organic); lacks a crystalline structure
- Jet, non-crystalline nature, organic (very compact coal)
- Lapis lazuli
- Lechatelierite, nearly pure silica glass, solid (IMA/CNMNC valid mineral name)
- Leonardite
- Lignite, or brown coal
- Libyan desert glass
- Limonite, a mixture of oxides and hydroxides of iron
- Mercury, liquid (IMA/CNMNC valid mineral name)
- Moldavite
- Obsidian, volcanic glass – non-crystalline structure, a silica rich glass
- Opal, non-crystalline hydrated silica silicon dioxide, solid (IMA/CNMNC valid mineral name)
- Ozokerite, a black waxy hydrocarbon mixture
- Palagonite[1]
- Pearl, organically produced carbonate
- Pele's hair
- Petroleum, liquid, organic
- Psilomelane
- Pumice
- Pyrobitumen, amorphous fossilized petroleum (noncrystalline, organic)
- Sideromelane,[1] volcanic glass – non-crystalline, an iron rich, silica poor glass
- Shungite, black, lustrous, more than 98 weight percent of carbon
- Tektite, meteoritic silica rich glass
- Water, e. g. as inclusions in other crystals, liquid
- Zietrisikite, a mineral hydrocarbon wax
See also
- List of minerals – Mineraloids are listed after minerals in each alphabetically sorted section.
References
- ^ a b c Peacock, M. A.; Fuller, R. E. (1928). "Chlorophaeite, sideromelane, and palagonite from the Columbia River Plateau" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 13: 360–382. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- ^ Schandl, Eva S.; Gorton, Michael P. (1995). "Phyllosilicate Alteration of Olivine in The Lower Sheeted Dike Complex, Leg 140, Hole 504B" (PDF). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 137/140: 207–216. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.137140.019.1995. ISSN 1096-7451.
External links
- The Mineraloids Class. Amethyst Galleries.
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