Abaz Kupi
Abaz Kupi | |
|---|---|
| File:Abaz Kupi.jpg Abaz Kupi | |
| Founder of the Legaliteti movement | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 6 August 1892 Akçahisar, Ottoman Empire Today Krujë, Albania |
| Died | 17 January 1976 (aged 83) New York City, United States |
| Nationality |  Albanian |
| Political party | Legaliteti |
| Occupation | Soldier Politician |
Abaz Kupi (1892–1976) or Abas Kupi also known as Bazi i Canës, was an Albanian military officer. Kupi was born in Kruje.[1]
He served as commander of the gendarmerie of the town of Kruja, and later of the town of Durrës. As a royalist, he created the Legality Movement in Albania, which promoted the return to the throne of Zog of Albania. During the Cold War Kupi was a member of the Albanian Free Committee, which intended to overthrow the communist regime in Albania and to return the monarchy.
He was also honored by the Military Order of Bravery (Brave Class).[2]
Early life
Born on 6 August 1892, in the Varosh neighborhood of Akçahisar (now Krujë).[1] In 1913-1918 he entered the service of Essad Pasha Toptani. In 1922 he took part in the coup d'état of Elez Isufi that attacked Tirana to overthrow the government, but the rebels were defeated by the courage of Captain Prenk Pervizi and their soldiers come to the aid of Ahmet Zog, back then Minister of Interior. British Ambassador Hayres persuaded Elez Isufi to return to Dibra.
During the revolution of 1924, Abaz Kupi remained neutral and, when Ahmet Zogu returned, his friend Prenk Pervizi brought him close to Zogu, who made him head of the gendarme of Kruja with the rank of captain. The Italian invasion of Albania found Kupi with the rank of major in Durrës, but he was not capable of organizing the defense and had to flee before he was taken by the Italians. With the Italian invasion complete, Kupi moved to Turkey, where he remained until there was a new opportunity to fight the Italians. His family was deported to the south of Italy.[3]
World War II activity
When the United Kingdom entered World War II the British forces were looking into possibilities of creating an antifascist resistance in Albania. At this times the best fit figures of Albania was Muharrem Bajraktari, Prenk Pervizi Hysni Dema, Fiqri Dine, Gjon Markagjoni, Myslym Peza, and Mustafa Gjinishi (a communist). Abaz Kupi went from Turkey with the intention of leading the resistance.[4] The Yugoslav government was against such action, but when a German attack on Yugoslavia was imminent it gave the green light. In April 1941, a small group led by Abaz Kupi, Xhemal Herri, Gani Kryeziu, and Mustafa Gjinishi with the support of Muharrem Bajraktari entered Albania from the Yugoslav frontier. Because of poor supplies and lack of coordination, the expedition was trapped in the mountainous regions of northern Albania and failed. At this times captain Xhemal Herri, chief of secret services of King Zog and his faithful man, was treacherously killed by Abaz Kupi in Kruja in 1943 in obscure circumstances. This crime was a great shame and indelible stain for Kupi.[5]
Abaz Kupi collaborated with the communists and was elected a member of the General Council of the National Liberation Movement (known as LANÇ). Kupi participated with the communists in the Mukje Agreement organized by the Balli Kombëtar (National Front). Soon after the event, he was forced to leave the communists, (National Liberation Front) and created the Legality Movement, which aimed for the return of King Zog to Albania. Apart from some sporadic fighting in September 1943 in Krujë (while he was still with the communists), his forces did not attack German troops, although pressed to do so by the British mission, which was established with them. At these circumstances the British mission was protected by General Prenk Pervizi, one of the most important nationalist personalities and head of the Albanian army. When the Albanian communists First Storm Division attacked in northern Albania from August to October 1944, the British mission left Albania. Anti-communist leaders fled to the mountains in agreement with the Allies. Instead, Kupi fled by boat and was taken by the Italians and put in prison in Ancona.[6]
Postwar activities
After his arrival in Italy (rescued by an Italian military ship, lost at sea with his companions), Kupi was liberated by Allied troops from Ancona prison and then kept in a refugee camp. Meanwhile, the communists had taken over in Albania, pushing several important nationalists, Zogist, and anti-communist personalities to exile, including Muharrem Bajraktari, Fiqri Dine, Prenk Pervizi, Zef Pali, Abaz Kupi, Abaz Ermenji, Salih Myftija (then followed by his son, Dr. Fuad Myftija, who went on to become Secretary General of the Legality Party in New York), and others.[7] In 1949, the Albanians formed in Paris the Free Albania Committee with President Midhat Frashëri, of which Kupi also took part along with other important Albanians and U.S. State Department representatives.[8] He arrived in New York City on September 14, 1949 as a member of the National Committee for Free Europe[9] (along with his son Petrit Kupi (1925-March 10, 2008)[10] who served as his French translator)[11] in support of the early CIA's abortive Operation Valuable Fiend, the agency's first paramilitary strike against the Iron Curtain. Kupi continued his anti-communist activities until he died in New York City in January 1976.
See also
References
- ^ a b Pearson, Owen (2006). Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy: From Isolation to the Kosovo War, 1946-1998. London: The Centre for Albanian Studies. p. 633. ISBN 1-84511-105-2.
- ^ "Albanian Royal Family - Royal Decorations and Warrents". Albanianroyalcourt.al. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
- ^ Undercover, the Men and Women of the Special Operations Executive Author Patrick Howarth Edition illustrated Publisher Routledge, 1980 ISBN 0-7100-0573-3, ISBN 978-0-7100-0573-1 p. 60
- ^ Pearson 2006, p.5
- ^ Nikoll Melyshi, Ngjarje Historike (Historical Facts), Detroit, 1976.
- ^ Undercover, the Men and Women of the Special Operations Executive Author Patrick Howarth Edition illustrated Publisher Routledge, 1980 ISBN 0-7100-0573-3, ISBN 978-0-7100-0573-1 p. 67-68
- ^ Pearson 2007 p.349
- ^ "FRUS: Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. Eastern Europe; the Soviet Union: Albania". Digicoll.library.wisc.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
- ^ Lulushi, Albert. Operation Valuable Fiend: The CIA's First Paramilitary Strike Against the Iron Curtain. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 162872322X.
- ^ "Ndërroi jetë Petrit Kupi, varrimi në Shqipëri". Gazetta 55. 2009-03-15. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
- ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=gXvoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PP100&lpg=PP100&dq=petrit%20kupi%20abas&source=bl&ots=C1IpmLfFV5&sig=Hjg9Pd7eep51a-ThwiPXzH1ytPs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjCz5X72_jXAhWByIMKHY4NAMgQ6AEIODAC#v=onepage&q=petrit%20kupi%20abas&f=false
Sources
- Pearson, Owen (2006). Albania in Occupation and War: From Fascism to Communism 1940-1945. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-84511-104-4.
- Pearson, Owen (2007). Albania as dictatorship and democracy: from isolation to the Kosovo War, 1946-1998. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-84511-105-2.
- Amery Julian : "The sons of the Eagle", London, 1946
- Hidri Pjeter : "Gjeneral Prenk Pervizi", Toena, Tirana, 2002.
- Pervizi Lek : Im Ate Gjeneral Pervizi, Dorian, Bruxelles, 2014.
- Patrice Najbor, Histoire de l'Albanie et de sa Maison Royale (5 volumes), JePublie, Paris, 2008, (ISBN 978-2-9532382-0-4).
- Patrice Najbor, la dynastye des Zogu, Textes & Prétextes, Paris, 2002
External links
- Maison royale d'Albanie, site officiel en langue française
- Famille royale d'Albanie, site officiel en langue anglaise
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