Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim
Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim (born 25 March 1905; died 21 July 1944) was a German officer and a resistance fighter in Nazi Germany involved in the July 20 Plot against Adolf Hitler.
Quirnheim was born to Hermann Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim, a captain on the Bavarian General Staff, in Munich. He spent his youth there before his father became head of the Imperial Archive (the Reichsarchiv) and the family moved to Potsdam. As a young man, Quirnheim came to know two of his future co-conspirators, Werner von Haeften and Hans Bernd von Haeften, through family connections.
Following his Abitur, Quirnheim joined the Reichswehr in 1923. His friendship with Claus von Stauffenberg, who would become the key conspirator in the July 20 Plot, began in 1925. On the outbreak of the Second World War, Quirnheim was appointed Staff Officer at the General Staff's organizational division.
Quirnheim had initially welcomed Hitler's seizure of power, but began to distance himself from the régime as he became more aware of its brutality. In 1941, for example, his support for the more humane treatment of civilians in Nazi-occupied eastern European triggered a dispute between Alfred Rosenberg (Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories) and Erich Koch (Reich Commissar for the Ukraine). In 1942, while being promoted to lieutenant colonel and then to Head of Staff of the 24th Army Corps at the Eastern Front, Quirnheim strengthened his ties to the resistance through his brother-in-law Wilhelm Dieckmann. He was promoted to colonel in 1943, the same year he married Hilde Baier.
By September 1943, Quirnheim had become involved in the plot to assassinate Hitler. He, his superior General Friedrich Olbricht and Stauffenberg drew up Operation Valkyrie, a plan of action to be implemented as soon as Hitler had been killed. Meanwhile, he succeeded Stauffenberg as Chief of Staff at the Army's General Office in Berlin. Immediately after the attempt on Hitler's life in East Prussia on 20 July 1944, Quirnheim urged General Olbricht to activate Operation Valkyrie, even though they could not be sure whether Hitler was dead. At about the same time, however, news began to arrive that Hitler had survived the assassination attempt.
Within hours, Quirnheim, Stauffenberg, Olbricht and Werner von Haeften had been arrested, summarily tried by Colonel General Friedrich Fromm – a quiet supporter who betrayed them once he saw the plot had failed – and were shot and buried in the Matthäus Churchyard in Berlin's Schöneberg district. There is a stone in memory of the event in the churchyard. Heinrich Himmler subsequently ordered the bodies exhumed, burnt and the ashes scattered.
A few days later, Quirnheim's parents and one of his sisters were arrested by the Gestapo and his brother-in-law Wilhelm Dieckmann was executed on September 13, 1944.
There is a now a memorial at the spot where Quirnheim and his co-conspirators were shot.
