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Allos

Coordinates: 44°14′28″N 6°37′43″E / 44.2411°N 6.6286°E / 44.2411; 6.6286
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Allos
Commune
The Lac d'Allos
The Lac d'Allos
Coat of arms of Allos
Coat of arms
Location of Allos
Map
Allos is located in France
Allos
Allos
Allos is located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Allos
Allos
Coordinates: 44°14′28″N 6°37′43″E / 44.2411°N 6.6286°E / 44.2411; 6.6286
CountryFrance
RegionProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
DepartmentAlpes-de-Haute-Provence
ArrondissementCastellane
CantonCastellane
IntercommunalityCC Alpes Provence Verdon - Sources de Lumière
Government
 • Mayor (2015-2020) Marie-Annick Boizard
Area
1
116.65 km2 (45.04 sq mi)
Population
 (2015)
697
 • Density6.0/km2 (15/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
04006 /04260
Elevation1,339–3,040 m (4,393–9,974 ft)
(avg. 1,425 m or 4,675 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Allos is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France.

Allos is a high mountain commune in the southern Alps. The commune experienced a significant rural exodus in the 19th century, following the population movement of the department. Then the town was overwhelmed for eighty years by winter sports: the construction of accommodations and ski-lifts has changed the landscape and the mountain urbanisation. The economy was profoundly altered with almost all jobs being found in tourism. Traditional agricultural activities persisted only marginally.

Historically Allos, located in the valley of the Verdon, has long been linked to the Ubaye Valley: first at the time when Ubaye belonged to the States of Savoy (from 1388 to 1713) then after it became part of France it continued to be administered across the Col d'Allos (impassable in winter). Even after the Revolution, it was attached to the Barcelonnette district. It was not until 1985 that it was (administratively) turned towards the valley by accepting the connection to the Canton of Colmars.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Allossards or Allossardes[1]

Geography

Allos is located some 12 km south of Barcelonnette and some 100 km north-west of Nice at an altitude of 1425 m.[2] The Allos valley is traversed by the Verdon which has its source in the Foux d'Allos in the Sestriere valley at 2500 m altitude.

Access to the commune is by the D908 road: a tortuous road running off the D902 south of Barcelonette which passes through the heart of the commune and the village before continuing south to Colmars.

Located at the edge of the Mercantour National Park, the country of Upper Verdon and the Allos valley offers landscapes of great beauty: from the famous Lac d'Allos (Allos Lake) which is the largest mountain lake in Europe to the waterfall of La Lance, near Colmars-les-Alpes. The flora is rich and varied depending on the altitude: larch, spruce, fir as well as Alpine clematis, peonies, and Martagon.

Geology

The mountains around Allos are composed of black schist.

Relief

La Roche-Grande, dominating the recreational area.

All around Allos from the Col d'Allos (2247 m, north of the village) and in a clockwise direction:

  • on a north-south ridge of the Cheiroueche mountain (2362m) which overlooks the village, the Roche Grande (2409 m), completely denuded of vegetation;
  • to the north: the Petit Cheval de Bois (Little Wooden Horse) (2754 m) and the Grand Cheval de Bois (Large Wooden Horse) (2838 m), the Pichs or Nivoulet (2575 m);
  • to the east: the Cimet (3020 m), separated from the Teton (2969 m) by the small col de Talon (2678 m), Mount Pelat (3050 m), and between Allos and Mont Pelat the Tête du Vallonnet (Head of Vallonnet) (2710 m) and the Tête de Prachastel (Head of Prachastel) (2320 m);
  • around Lake Allos: the Trou de l'Aigle (Hole of the Eagle) (2961 m), the Col de la Petite Cayolle (2639 m), the Garrets summit (2822 m), the Montagne de l'Avalanche (Mountain of Avalanches) (2729 m), the Tete du Lac (Head of the Lake) (2626 m), the group of Tours du Lac (Towers of the Lake) which is five peaks between 2585 and 2745 m, and the Tete de Valplane (Head of Valplane) (2624 m);
  • to the South: the Roche Cline (2415 m) and on the right bank of the Verdon the Autapie (2435 m);
  • to the west: the Gros Tapie (2371 m), the summit of Valcibière (2375 m), the Mourre Gros (2652 m), the Tete Noire (Black Head) (2560 m), the Tete de l'Auriac (Head of Auriac) (2639 m), the Trois-Évêchés (Three bishoprics) (2818 m), the Tete de la Sestriere (Head of Sestriere) (2575 m);
  • to the northwest of the Col d'Allos: the Tete de Vescal (Head of Vescal) (2515 m).

The peaks to the west of Allos belong to the Massif des Trois-Évêchés (Three bishoprics mountains) while to the east are the secondary mountains of Mount Pelat.

Environment

The town has 1,869 hectares of woods and forests.[3]

Hamlets

  • La Beaumelle;
  • La Beaume;
  • La Foux;
  • La Foux d’Allos;
  • Le Seignus (Bas and Haut);
  • le Villard (Bas and Haut);
  • Le Brec Bas et Haut;
  • Sainte-Brigitte (Basse and Haute);
  • Le Foreston;
  • Bouchiers;
  • La Peyrière (Basse and Haute);
  • Prémin;
  • Montgros;
  • Champrichard;
  • Le Collet;

Natural and technological risks

None of the 200 communes of the department is in a no-risk seismic area. The Canton of Allos-Colmars is in zone 1b (low risk) according to the deterministic classification of 1991 and based on historical earthquakes.[4] It is in Zone 4 (medium risk) according to the ECS probability classification of 2011.[5] Allos commune is also exposed to four other natural hazards:[5]

  • avalanche
  • forest fire,
  • flooding (in the valley of the Verdon)
  • landslide: the commune is affected by a random medium to high risk in limited areas.[6]

Allos commune is exposed to a risk of technological origin - i.e. the risk of dam breakage on the hill reservoir of Tardée above the Foux-d'Allos ski-station.[7]

The prevention plan for foreseeable natural risks (PPR) for the commune was approved in 1998 for flood risk, landslide, and avalanche;[7] and a Communal Dossier on Major Risks (DICRIM) has existed since 2010.[8]

The commune has been the location of several natural disasters: an earthquake in 1984, flooding and mudslides in 1994 and 2003.[5] In November 2012 a landslide cut off the only access road to the hamlets of Bouchiers and Le Collet - a cut that lasted more than seven months.[9]

Neighbouring communes and villages[10]

Toponymy

The locality appears for the first time in texts from 1056 under the name of ad Alodes which means Allods in Occitan.[11][12][13] A Pre-Gallic hypothesis has also been considered[14] more in line with local phonetic rules such as Fénié. The name Allos derived then from Al- designating "rocks". The form Alodes would be in this case a bad romanization.[15] The commune is called Alòs in Occitan Vivaro-Alpine dialect.

The name of the station La Foux-d'Allos means "narrow gorges" between the surrounding peaks.[16]

History

The name of the people located in the upper valley of the Verdon is not certain but it may be the Eguiturii.[17] At the end of the Roman Empire the upper valley of the Verdon depended on the civitas and the bishopric of Thorame.[18]

It is possible that the first village was built around Notre-Dame-du-Valvert in the High Middle Ages. It would then have been perched at Banivol before moving lower in the 12th to 13th centuries.[19] The village was cited in 1056[19][20] and had its own consulat from 1233, by privilege from the Comte de Provence,[21][22] and a Fair.[23] Allos belonged to the Counts of Provence until 1388 then, with the Ubaye Valley and Nice, passed to the Counts of Savoy until 1713. From that time until the beginning of the French Revolution Allos was administratively attached to Barcelonnette. The first division of Basses-Alpes included Allos in the Barcelonnette dustrict.[24]

During the Wars of religion the Duke of Lesdiguières bombarded the town without taking it in 1597. He had brought his army through the Col de Thuiles.[25]

The peculiarities of the Allos community, which occupies several deep valleys and whose habitat is dispersed across multiple villages, led to the creation of three parishes in the 17th century: one in La Foux, one in Bouchiers, and one in Baumelle. A large number of chapels were also built: 29 in total throughout history.[19]

Several major fires ravaged the town in 1718, 1747, and 1769.[26]

During the French Revolution the commune had a patriotic society which was created at the end of 1792.[27]

In the 20th century Allos became a tourist town: in 1935, the ski-lifts were built at Seignus and Foux. In the 1970s, when winter sports become mass entertainment, more ski resorts were built in two hamlets.[25] It was not until 1985 qu'Allos turns towards the valley by integrating with the Arrondissement of Castellane.[24]

Heraldry

Arms of Allos
Arms of Allos
 Blazon:

Argent, a demi-vol in gules surmounting a shin-bone in sable posed in fesse.[28]



Canting arms: Allos, in Latin Allosium, in Provençal Alouès. Alo-west Wing-bone.[28]

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[29]

Mayors from 1726 to 1888
From To Name Party Position
1726 Jean-Hyacinthe Pascalis
1748 Hyacinthe Pellissier
1750 Honoré Pascalis
1751 Pierre-Jacques Pascalis
1756 Alexandre Pascalis du Laus
1758 Pierre Pellissier
1780 Joseph Guirand
1794 1796 Michel Michel
1796 1798 Pellissier
1798 1799 Joseph Caire
1799 1800 Jacques Gariel
1800 1801 Guirand
1801 1802 Alexandre Pellissier
1802 1803 Jean Honnorat
1803 1806 Hyacinthe-Marie Gariel
1806 1813 Augier
1813 1830 Rebattu
1830 1840 Jean-Jacques-Laurent Gaubert
1840 1843 Pierre Pascal
1843 1846 Hyacinthe Pellat
1846 1856 Joseph Pellissier
1856 1886 Désiré Boyer
1886 1888 Sébastien Reynaud
1888 Antoine Reynaud
Mayors from 1971
From To Name Party Position
1971 1996 René Cèze[30] RPR
1996 2014 Michel Lantelme President of the Haut-Verdon Val d'Allos Community of communes
2014 2020 Chantal Caire-Caïs

(Not all data is known)

The election of the City Council in March 2008 was the subject of an appeal to the administrative court of Marseille; the judgment led to new elections in September.

Education

The town has had a computerized library since 2004 (See online catalogue) in the Haut-Verdon library network (Communauté de communes du Haut-Verdon-Val-d'Allos) and has two primary schools (one at Allos and one in La Foux d'Allos).[31]

Demography

In 2009 the commune had 691 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1]

Early Population
1315 1344 1471 1765
254 fires 361 fires[32] 52 fires 1,491[25]

sources = Édouard Baratier, Georges Duby & Ernest Hildesheimer[33]

Template:Table Population Town

Population of Allos

Economy

Allos Fountain and market day

Overview

Allos is a high mountain commune whose main resource is tourism - hiking in the summer - but especially winter sports.

In 2009 the active population was 381 people including 20 unemployed[34] (46 in late 2011[35]). These workers are mostly employed (65.7%)[36] and the vast majority work in the commune (nearly 91%).[36] This can be explained by the predominance of the tourism sector which provides sufficient employment to the people of the commune. As a result, most of the people of the commune work in services and administration (97% at the end of 2010).[37] Industry, construction and agriculture no longer use a residual share of the people.[37]

At 1 January 2011 establishments active in the commune were mainly shops and services (215 of 326 establishments) and health and social administrative sector, (69).[37]

Agriculture

At the end of 2010 the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, fisheries) had 15 different establishments with 19 employees including 1 establishment employing 3 workers.[37]

Most of the survey data from the Ministry of Agriculture are subject to statistical secrecy which indicates low numbers and extent of cultivated land.[38] In 2000 three farms used a utilized agricultural area (UAA) of 281 hectares - the area has been in sharp decline since 1988 (406 hectares).[39]

Industry

In late 2010 the secondary sector (industry and construction) had 27 establishments mainly crafts (22 companies with no employees). The sector employs 11 people.[37]

Service activities

The commune has two ski-stations:

  • Val d'Allos-La Foux, which links to the Pra-Loup ski area;
  • Val d'Allos-Le Seignus, which is called the village-station because it is connected by Aerial tramway to Allos village.
Boating on the Allos lake.

Summer tourism is also developed with different lakes and mountain walks.

In late 2010 the tertiary sector (trades and services) had 215 establishments (with 434 employees) plus 69 administrative establishments and the health and social sectors (employing 52 people).[37]

According to the Department of Tourism, tourism activity is very important for the commune with more than 5 tourists per resident[40] and with a large capacity for accommodation.[41] Several accommodation facilities for tourists exist in the commune:

  • many hotels[42] (7 ranked two stars, and one three-star[43] with a capacity of 128 beds[44]);
  • no camping;[45]
  • some furnished,[46] some approved;[47]
  • B & Bs are absent from the commune;[48]
  • a large carrying capacity in various collective accommodations (summer shelters, youth hostels, holiday villages).[49]

It is nevertheless second homes that weigh more heavily on the capacity with almost 5,000 second homes (4,900 out of 5,340 dwellings[43][50]).

Culture and heritage

San Sebastian Church or Penitents

The commune contains a very large number of sites that are registered as historical monuments. For a complete list with links to descriptions (in French) and photos click here. Lists below are abridged showing the main sites.

There is also a very large number of items registered as historical objects located at:

  • The Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-la-Fleur (2 items)
  • The Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette (1 item)
  • The Chapel of Saint-Antoine (11 items)
  • The Chapel of Saint-Laurent (8 items)
  • The Chapel of Saint Pierre (6 items)
  • The Chapel of Saint Sebastian (58 items)
  • The Chapel of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine (5 items)
  • The Church of Notre-Dame-de-Valvert (59 items)
  • The Church of Notre-Dame-de-la-Baumelle (3 items)
  • The Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Lumiere (12 items)
  • The Church of Saint John the Baptist (21 items)

For a complete list of all historical objects with links to descriptions (in French) and photos click here.

Civil heritage

There are still remnants of medieval structures:

  • The City Fortifications (Middle Ages)[51]
  • The Banivol Tower (Middle Ages)[52] is 7.2 m square. It may have protected a small town.[19]

Examples of later structures registered as historical monuments:

  • The Cooperative Dairy Factory (1931)[53]
  • The Abrau Bridge (16th century)[25]
  • A Lavoir (Public laundry) (19th century)[54]
  • The Town Hall (19th century)[55]
Other sites of interest
  • The Ski-station of Foux d'Allos in the classic style of ski-stations with roofs dominated by corrugated iron (mid-1980s)[56] with a presence of roof slate and traditional scale tiles.
Modern buildings in La Foux d'Allos
  • A Sundial in Allos village (1913).[57]

Religious monuments

The churches and rural chapels are in a simple alpine style imposed by the climate. Notre-Dame-de-Valvert at Allos is a good example from the 13th century.

The extent of the commune with its large population the 19th century, when the parishes and their branches were under the Concordat plan, made communications difficult due to the terrain and snow in winter. All these conditions justified the creation of several parish churches which are now registered as historical monuments:

  • The Church of Notre-Dame-de-Valvert (13th century) [58][59]
  • The Parish Church of Saint John the Baptist at la Foux (17th century)[60] in traditional Romanesque style[61] and whose facade is decorated with a sundial from 1757.[62] It has an ex-voto in leather from Cordoba dated 1675;[63]
  • The Parish Church of Saint-Antoine at Bouchier (1862)[64]

The commune also has many chapels which are also registered as historical monuments:

  • The Chapel of Saint Sebastian or Chapel of White Penitents (18th century)[65][66] has the rise to glory of Saint Sebastian painted on the dome.[67] It is used for parish worship in Winter.[19]
  • The Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-la-Fleur at Villard-Haut (17th century)[19][68]
  • The Chapel of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine at Villard-Bas (19th century)[19][69]
  • The Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce at Seignus-Bas (19th century).[19][70]
  • The Chapel of Sainte-Brigitte and Saint-Joseph at Sainte-Brigitte (1890)[19][71]
  • The Chapel of Saint-Roch at Plan-Ouest (17th century)[19][72]
  • The Chapel of Saint Laurent at Seignus-Haut (1624)[19][73]
  • The Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Lumière (formerly a parish church) at Baumelle (1857)[74]
  • The Chapel of Saint-Pierre near Basse-Colette (16th century)[75] has a Retable closed by two small doors from the 16th century[76]
  • The Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette at Charrières-Sud (19th century)[77]
Other religious sites of interest
  • The Chapel of Notre-Dame-des-Monts has a sundial dated 1757 and bearing the legend Dieu seul est éternel; déjà loin de toi ("God alone is eternal; already far from you")[78]
  • The Chapel of Saint-Jacques at Seignus-Bas[19]
Chapel of Saint-Pierre, perched on top of a hill.

The Church of Notre-Dame-de-Valvert

Notre-Dame-de-Valvert and blue cart

The parish church of Allos dates from the first half of the 13th century[19] and was listed as a historical monument in 1846 for the parts dating from the second half of the 9th and 10th centuries.[58]

It is built in Brickwork in a regular way with a chevet made of a single semicircular Apse, vaulted in cul-de-four.[79] Like all churches in alpine style only the south wall has three bays which are semicircular.

The decor is unusual with walls decorated with a series of small arcs. The decor is a late development (13th century) of the Lombard band.[80] The capitals are adorned with foliage, except for the facade, and decorated with masks (Lombard influence) and animals.[81] The front is reinforced by two buttresses at the corners.

Raymond Collier identifies several characteristics of Notre-Dame-de-Valvert different from the communal type of alpine Romanesque:

  • the pilasters supporting the Arc-doubleaux are replaced by engaged columns (or half-columns);[82]

It was damaged at the beginning of the 17th century and again in 1697 by the war: the second time the Savoyards caused the collapse of the tower. The vault of the choir was repaired between that date and 1723 before the bell was worn out in 1727. The Allos fire on 15 November 1747 reached the church and caused extensive damage. A new tower was built in 1751. Major restoration work took place between 1894 and 1896: the bottom of the facade and the Mur gouttereau (guttered walls), the bay windows, and the Buttresses were completely rebuilt and the roof of the third bay itself was also completely rebuilt. The rest of the arches and the bell tower were rebuilt in 1899-1904 with various repairs, when the murals disappeared.

  • Chapel
    Chapel
  • Allos lake
    Allos lake
  • Allos lake and Mt. Pelat
    Allos lake and Mt. Pelat
  • Allos lake and the chaple
    Allos lake and the chaple

Notable people linked to the commune

  • Patritti: a painter of the 19th century
  • Jean-Esprit Pellissier, priest until 1905, he was the historian of the town.
  • Simon-Jude Honnorat (1783-1852), doctor and also the town historian and author of the Great dictionary of the Occitan language

See also

Bibliography

  • Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p. Template:Fr icon
  • Edited by Édouard Baratier, Georges Duby, and Ernest Hildesheimer, Historical Atlas. Provence, Comtat Venaissin, Principality of Orange, County of Nice, Principality of Monaco, Librairie Armand Colin, Paris, 1969 Template:Fr icon

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 [1] Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" which allow, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

  1. ^ Inhabitants of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Template:Fr icon
  2. ^ Michel de La Torre, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: the complete guide to 200 communes, Paris, Deslogis-Lacoste, coll. Towns and villages of France, 1989, Relié, 72 p. (non-paginated) (ISBN 2-7399-5004-7)
  3. ^ Roger Brunet, Canton of Allos, Le Trésor des régions, consulted on 9 June 2013
  4. ^ Préfecture of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Departmental dossier on major risks in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Archived 2012-10-21 at the Wayback Machine (DDRM), 2008, p. 39 Template:Fr icon
  5. ^ a b c Ministry of Ecology, sustainable development, transport, and housing, Communal Notice Archived 2013-10-07 at the Wayback Machine on the Gaspar database, dated 27 May 2011, consulted on 25 June 2012 Template:Fr icon
  6. ^ Préfecture, DDRM, p. 37
  7. ^ a b Préfecture des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Departmental dossier on major risks in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, p. 95 Template:Fr icon
  8. ^ Dicrim of Allos Archived 2013-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, Dicrim database, consulted on 25 June 2011
  9. ^ R. F. and F. R., The two isolated hamlets after a landslide, La Provence, 21 June 2013, p. 14 Template:Fr icon
  10. ^ Google Maps
  11. ^ Ernest Nègre, General Toponymy of France: etymology of 35,000 placenames, Genève: Librairie Droz, 1990. Collection Publications romanes et françaises, volume 193. Volume III: Formations dialectales (suite); formations françaises. Notice 26931. Template:Fr icon
  12. ^ Charles Rostaing, Essay on the Toponymy of Provence: since its origin to the barbarian invasions, Laffite Reprints, Marseille, 1973 (1st edition 1950), p 44-45 Template:Fr icon
  13. ^ Historical Atlas of Provence, p. 159-160
  14. ^ Charles Rostaing, Toponymy of pre-gauloise origins in Baratier, Duby & Hildesheimer, Map 11 and commentary Template:Fr icon
  15. ^ Bénédicte Fénié, Jean-Jacques Fénié, Provençale Toponymy, Éditions Sud-Ouest, 2002 (reprint), ISBN 978-2-87901-442-5, p. 17-18 Template:Fr icon
  16. ^ Bénédicte Fénié, Jean-Jacques Fénié, Provençale Toponymy, Éditions Sud-Ouest, 2002 (reprint), ISBN 978-2-87901-442-5, p. 88
  17. ^ Raymond Boyer and Guy Barruol, Map 12 People and habitats of the pre-roman era, in Baratier, Duby & Hildesheimer, Historical Atlas of Provence, and commentary Template:Fr icon
  18. ^ Brigitte Beaujard, The cities of southern Gaul from the 3rd to the 7th centuries, Gallia, 63, 2006, CNRS éditions, p. 22 Template:Fr icon
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Daniel Thiery, Allos, On the origins of churches and rural chapels of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, published on 12 December 2010, online on 15 December 2010, consulted on 25 June 2012 Template:Fr icon
  20. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000235 Presentation of the Commune Template:Fr icon
  21. ^ Mireille Mistral, The Drapery industry in the Valley of Verdon, Doctoral thesis for the State in Economic Science, Académie d’Aix-en-Provence, Nice, 1951, 231 p. p 43 Template:Fr icon
  22. ^ André Gouron, Diffusion of Southern consulates and expansion of Roman law in the 12th and 13th centuries, Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes, 1963, Vol. 121. p. 49.
  23. ^ Louis Stouff, Map 86: Port, routes and fairs of the 13th to the 15th centuries, in the Historical Atlas of Provence Template:Fr icon
  24. ^ a b EHESS, Communal Notice for Allos on the Cassini website, consulted on 18 July 2009
  25. ^ a b c d Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000293 Abrau Bridge Template:Fr icon
  26. ^ Mireille Mistral, p 44
  27. ^ Patrice Alphand, "The Popular Societies", The Revolution in the Basses-Alpes, Annales de Haute-Provence, bulletin de la société scientifique et littéraire des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, no 307, 1st trimester 1989, 108th year, p 296-298 Template:Fr icon
  28. ^ a b Louis de Bresc Arms of the communes of Provence, 1866. Reprint - Marcel Petit CPM - Raphèle-lès-Arles 1994 Template:Fr icon
  29. ^ List of Mayors of France
  30. ^ René Cèze is one of the 500 elected deputies who supported the candidature of Jacques Chirac (RPR) at the French presidential election, 1995, cf Constitutional Council, List of citizens who presented candidates for the election of President of the Republic, Official Journal of the French Republic of 12 April 1995, page 5736, available online, consulted on 29 July 2010
  31. ^ Academic Inspection directorate of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, List of schools in the electoral district of Digne Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine, published on 6 April 2010, consulted on 31 October 2010
  32. ^ Mireille Mistral, p. 47 Template:Fr icon
  33. ^ Historical Atlas of Provence, p. 159 Template:Fr icon
  34. ^ Insee, Dossier local - Commune:[permanent dead link], p. 5
  35. ^ Insee, Local Dossier, p. 8 Template:Fr icon
  36. ^ a b Insee, Local Dossier, p. 7 Template:Fr icon
  37. ^ a b c d e f Insee, LOcal Dossier, p. 16 Template:Fr icon
  38. ^ Ministry of Agriculture, "Technical-Economic Orientation of exploitation", Agricultural census 2010 and 2000. (Place: N.B. Page 4.4 Mio) Template:Fr icon
  39. ^ Insee, Agricultural businesses in 1988 and 2000, Insee, 2012 (Page 24.6 Mio) Template:Fr icon
  40. ^ Departemental Observatory of tourism, Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, December 2008, p. 6 Template:Fr icon
  41. ^ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 7
  42. ^ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 11
  43. ^ a b Insee, Communal Tourist Accommodations, 2008, 2009 and 2012, INSEE, 2012 (Page 20.8 Mio)
  44. ^ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 17
  45. ^ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 21
  46. ^ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 32
  47. ^ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 33
  48. ^ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 38
  49. ^ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 30
  50. ^ Insee, Departmental data, consulted on 18 February 2013
  51. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000291 City Fortifications Template:Fr icon
  52. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000349 Banivol Tower Template:Fr icon
  53. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000055 Cooperative Dairy Factory Template:Fr icon
  54. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000206 Lavoir Template:Fr icon
  55. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000159 Town Hall Template:Fr icon
  56. ^ Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 345 from the middle of the 1980s Template:Fr icon
  57. ^ Jean-Marie Homet and Franck Rozet, Sundials of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Édisud, Aix-en-Provence, 2002, ISBN 2-7449-0309-4, p 77 Template:Fr icon
  58. ^ a b Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000164 Church of Notre-Dame-de-Valvert Template:Fr icon
  59. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00080349 Church of Notre-Dame-de-Valvert Template:Fr icon
  60. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000165 Parish Church of Saint John the Baptist Template:Fr icon
  61. ^ Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 216 Template:Fr icon
  62. ^ Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 448 Template:Fr icon
  63. ^ Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 532 Template:Fr icon
  64. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000166 Parish Church of Saint-Antoine Template:Fr icon
  65. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA04000001 Chapel of Saint Sebastian Template:Fr icon
  66. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000120 Chapel of White Penitents Template:Fr icon
  67. ^ Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 487 Template:Fr icon
  68. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000265 Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-la-Fleur Template:Fr icon
  69. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000220 Chapel of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine at Villard-Bas Template:Fr icon
  70. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000216 Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce at Seignus-Bas Template:Fr icon
  71. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000215 Chapel of Sainte-Brigitte and Saint-Joseph at Sainte-Brigitte Template:Fr icon
  72. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000213 Chapel of Saint-Roch at Plan-Ouest Template:Fr icon
  73. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000212 Chapel of Saint Laurent at Seignus-Haut Template:Fr icon
  74. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000210 Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Lumière at Baumelle Template:Fr icon
  75. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000161 Chapel of Saint-Pierre near Basse-Colette Template:Fr icon
  76. ^ Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 471 Template:Fr icon
  77. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA04000160 Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette at Charrières-Sud Template:Fr icon
  78. ^ Jean-Marie Homet and Franck Rozet, Sundials of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Édisud, Aix-en-Provence, 2002, ISBN 2-7449-0309-4, p 86 Template:Fr icon
  79. ^ Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 114 Template:Fr icon
  80. ^ Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 80 Template:Fr icon
  81. ^ Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 115 Template:Fr icon
  82. ^ Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 75 Template:Fr icon
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