Antonia Visconti

Antonia Visconti
Antonia Visconti
Born	c. 1364; Milan, Italy
Died	26 March 1405; Old Castle
Resting place	Stuttgart
Nationality	Italian
Title	Countess of Württemberg
Predecessor	Elisabeth of Bavaria
Successor	Henriette, Countess of Montbéliard
Spouse	Eberhard III, Count of Württemberg
Partner	Frederick III the Simple
Children	Eberhard IV, Count of Württemberg
Parent(s)	Bernabò Visconti; Beatrice Regina della Scala
Relatives	Isabeau of Bavaria; Albert III, Duke of Bavaria (others)

Antonia Visconti (c. 1364 – 26 March 1405) was a daughter of Bernabò Visconti and his wife Beatrice Regina della Scala. Antonia was Countess of Württemberg by her marriage.

Family

Antonia was born in Milan and was the tenth of her parents' seventeen children.

Antonia's sister, Taddea Visconti married Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria and was mother of Isabeau of Bavaria, wife of Charles VI of France and ancestor to some notable people in history, including the Tudor Dynasty. Another sister, Agnes, married Francesco I Gonzaga and was executed for supposed adultery in 1391. Antonia's youngest sister Elisabetta was married to Ernest, Duke of Bavaria.

Antonia's maternal grandparents were Mastino II della Scala and his wife Taddea da Carrara. Her paternal grandparents were Stefano Visconti and his wife Valentina Doria.

Her father, Bernabò was a cruel and ruthless despot, and an implacable enemy of the Church. He seized the papal city of Bologna, rejected the Pope and his authority, confiscated ecclesiastical property, and forbade any of his subjects to have any dealings with the Curia. He was excommunicated as a heretic in 1363 by Pope Urban V, who preached crusade against him.^[1] When Bernabò was in one of his frequent rages, only Beatrice Regina (her mother) was able to approach him.^[2]

Marriage

Antonia was originally betrothed to Frederick III the Simple. This was different from other family marriages because most of Antonia's sisters married members of the House of Wittelsbach. Ten years after the first suggestion of marriage, a marriage contract was drawn up, Antonia's family was to provide a dowry of ten thousand florins plus another twenty thousand in florins jewelry.^[3] However, Antonia never married Frederick because he died 27 January 1377 before the marriage could take place. Antonia could have become Queen consort of Sicily if she had married Frederick.

Antonia married in Bad Urach three years later on 27 October 1380 ^[4] to Eberhard III, Count of Württemberg.^[5] Antonia laid out water gardens in their castle grounds, known as "der Frau von Mailand Garten".^[6]

Antonia and Eberhard had three sons, but only one lived to adulthood:

Eberhard IV, Count of Württemberg, (23 August 1388, Stuttgart–2 July 1419, Waiblingen), successor to his father.
Ulrich (died young)
Ludwig (died young)

Some^[7] believe that the couple had another child.

Antonia and Eberhard were married for twenty-five years. On 26 March 1405 Antonia died at Old Castle (Stuttgart), leaving her husband and surviving son. Eberhard remarried after Antonia's death to Elisabeth, daughter of John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg and Margaret of Bohemia. They had a daughter, also called Elisabeth.

Tests were done on the genetics of the House of Württemberg by Gerhard O. Schwerdfeger. There were cases of mental illness in the family and according to Schwerdfeger the gene came from the House of Visconti.^[8] Otto of Bavaria and Ludwig II of Bavaria both had a mental disorder, they are both descended from Antonia. Antonia's father, did have frequent rages.