Aphaeninae
| Aphaeninae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Flatolystra verrucosa | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Family: | Fulgoridae |
| Subfamily: | Aphaeninae Blanchard, 1847 |
| Tribes | |
|
see Tribes and Genera | |
The subfamily Aphaeninae is a group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics. They belong to the Fulgoridae (fulgorids), though they are not among the more well-known members of that family which are called "lantern bugs" or "lantern flies" (although as true bugs they are only distantly related to true flies). In 2009, the first molecular analysis of the Fulgoridae, challenged the existing structure of eight currently recognized subfamilies, and eleven tribes.
Aphaeninae contain a number of well-sized fulgorids. If seen flying at a distance, they can be mistaken for Lepidoptera, as they are large-winged and boldly patterned, although usually not as colorful as some other fulgorids.
The future of the Aphaeninae as a subfamily is unclear since the species assigned to it are interlineated in the molecular analysis with species of other Fulgoridae subfamilies.[1][2]
Tribes and Genera
tribe Aphaenini
Auth.: Blanchard, 1847 and Distant, 1906 (distribution: worldwide tropics)
- Anecphora Karsch, 1890 (equatorial Africa)
- Aphaena Guérin-Méneville, 1834 (type genus: Asia)
- Calmar (bug) Kirkaldy, 1901 (Gambia)
- Coelodictya Jacobi, 1910 (E. Africa)
- Copidocephala Stål, 1869 (Central Americas)
- Eddara Walker, 1858 (Sub-Saharan Africa)
- Egregia (bug) Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010 (Malesia)
- Holodictya Gerstaecker, 1895 (Eqatorial Africa)
- Hypselometopum Stål, 1853 (Sub-Saharan Africa)
- Kalidasa Kirkaldy, 1900 (India, Indo-China)
- Limois Stål, 1863 (Asia: esp. China)
- Lycorma Stål, 1863 (Asia: incl. insvasive sp.)
- Malfeytia Schmidt, 1905 (Congo basin)
- Metaphaena Schmidt, 1905 (Central Africa)
- Novodictya Lallemand, 1928 (Congo basin)
- Omalocephala Spinola, 1839 (Africa, S. India, Sri Lanka)
- Penthicodes Blanchard, 1845 (South-East Asia: esp. Indo-China & Malesia)
- Species in the "artificial, heterogenous genus" Aphaenina Metcalf, 1947 are now synonyms of Penthicodes spp.[3]
- Prolepta Walker, 1851 (Malesia)
- Scamandra Stål, 1863[4] (Malesia)
- Ulasia Stål, 1863 (PNG)
tribe Benamatapini
Auth.: Lallemand, 1959 (central Africa)
- Benamatapa Distant, 1899
tribe Enchophorini
Auth.: Haupt, 1929 (central & south America, Madagascar)
- Artacie Stål, 1866
- Belbina Stål, 1863 (Madagascar)
- Chilobia Stål, 1863
- Enchophora Spinola, 1839
- Enhydria Walker, 1858
- Bhaskaraena Constant, 2016 (Malesia)
- Bloeteanella Lallemand, 1959 (PNG)
- Flatolystra Nast, 1950 (South America)
- Neoalcathous Wang & Huang, 1989 (China, Vietnam)
- Neolieftinckana Lallemand, 1963 (PNG)
- Saramel Fennah, 1977 (PNG)
Genera formerly placed here
- Hellerides Lallemand, 1963 is a junior synonym of Zophiuma Fennah, 1955 in the Lophopidae.[5]
The following PNG/Australian genera were previously placed here, but are now in the Poiocerinae: tribe Poiocerini Haupt, 1929:
- Desudaba Walker, 1858 (formerly in the tribe Aphaenini Schmidt, 1912)
- Erilla Distant, 1906 (formerly in the tribe Limoisini Lallemand, 1963)
- Galela Distant, 1906 (formerly in the tribe Aphaenini Schmidt, 1912)
- The type species of genus Apossoda, A. togoensis Schmidt, 1911, is now placed in Pyrgoteles: P. togoensis (Schmidt, 1911)[6]
References
- ^ Urban, Julie M.; Cryan, Jason R. (2009). "Entomologically famous, evolutionarily unexplored: the first phylogeny of the lanternfly family Fulgoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 50 (3): 471–484. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.004. PMID 19118634.
- ^ "2010 Project Updates from the Cryan Lab" (PDF). University of Connecticut.
- ^ Constant, Jerome (2010). "The lanternfly genus Penthicodes: key to the species and review of the "Ereosoma group" with two new species and one new subspecies (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". Zootaxa. 2523: 1–26. Abstract
- ^ Constant, Jerome (2013). "The Oriental lanternfly genus Scamandra: new species and taxonomical notes (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". Zootaxa. 3709 (2): 134–148. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3709.2.2.
- ^ Liang, Ai-Ping (1995). "Taxonomic changes in oriental Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 103 (2): 162–164. JSTOR 25010151.
- ^ Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (retrieved 26 June 2018)
External Links
Media related to Aphaeninae at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Aphaeninae at Wikispecies- FLOW: Aphaeninae
