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Archosauromorpha

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by J. Spencer (talk | contribs) at 15:30, 30 November 2014 (What I wrote before still stands; also, pterosaurs are generally found deeply nested within Archosauriformes, so to single them out requires explanation). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Archosauromorphs
Temporal range: Lopingian - Holocene,[1]
254.7–0 Ma
Reconstruction of Trilophosaurus, a primitive archosauromorph
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archelosauria
Clade: Archosauromorpha
von Huene, 1946
Subgroups

†Protorosauria
†Rhynchosauria
†Trilophosauria
†Teraterpeton
†Prolacertidae
†Proterosuchidae
Archosauriformes

Archosauromorpha (Greek for "ruling lizard forms") is an infraclass of diapsid reptiles that first appeared during the late Permian and became more common during the Triassic. It was defined by Jacques Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge and Timothy Rowe (1988) as the group containing "archosaurs [i.e. Crocodylia, dinosaurs, birds, and several extinct orders] and all other saurians that are closer to archosaurs (s.s.) than they are to lepidosaurs (s.s.)" [i.e. tuataras, lizards, and snakes].[2] In a later publication, Michel Laurin (1991) defined Archosauromorpha as the clade containing the most recent common ancestor of Prolacerta, Trilophosaurus, Hyperodapedon and archosaurs and all its descendants;[3] David Dilkes (1998) formulated a more inclusive definition of Archosauromorpha, defining it as the clade containing Protorosaurus and all other saurians that are more closely related to Protorosaurus than to Lepidosauria.[4]

Included in this infraclass are the groups Rhynchosauria, Trilophosauridae, Prolacertiformes and Archosauriformes. While superficially these reptiles vary in appearance (at one time they were even included in different subclasses – the trilophosaurs were considered euryapsids and the rhynchosaurs were considered lepidosaurs and were included in the same order as the tuatara), they are actually united by a number of small skeletal and skull-related details that suggest they form a clade that descended from a single common ancestor. Additional groups with uncertain phylogenetic position that are included in Archosauromorpha by some authors (and excluded from it by others) are Choristodera, drepanosaurs,[4] thalattosaurs, ichthyopterygians, sauropterygians[5][6][7] and turtles.[8]

Of the taxa mentioned above, rhynchosaurs, trilophosaurs and prolacertiforms died out at or before the end-Triassic extinction. The choristoderans continued as a minor group until the Miocene, and the Archosauriformes were important factors in early Triassic environments before giving rise to the even more successful Archosauria.

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram modified from the analysis by Sues (2003). It was provided with the original description of Teraterpeton. Like in other recent analyses, Prolacertiformes was recovered as polyphyletic, and was therefore replaced by Protorosauria.[9]

Phylogeny of Archosauromorpha (sensu Gauthier, Kluge and Rowe, 1988) according to Gottmann-Quesada and Sander (2009):[10]

Sauria

Phylogeny of Archosauromorpha (sensu Gauthier, Kluge and Rowe, 1988) according to Gottmann-Quesada and Sander (2009), recovered after Megalancosaurus was deleted from analysis:[10]

References

  1. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089165, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0089165 instead.
  2. ^ Jacques Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge and Timothy Rowe (1988). "Amniote phylogeny and the importance of fossils". Cladistics. 4 (2): 105–209. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x.
  3. ^ Michel Laurin (1991). "The osteology of a Lower permian eosuchian from Texas and a review of diapsid phylogeny". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 101 (1): 59–95. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00886.x.
  4. ^ a b "The Early Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni and the interrelationships of basal archosauromorph reptiles". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. 353 (1368): 501–541. 1998. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0225. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  5. ^ John W. Merck (1997). "A phylogenetic analysis of the euryapsid reptiles". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 17 (Supplement to 3): 65A.
  6. ^ Sean Modesto, Robert Reisz, Diane Scott (2011). "A neodiapsid reptile from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma". Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts: p. 160. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G331/lectures/331vertsII.html
  8. ^ "An archosaur-like laterosphenoid in early turtles (Reptilia: Pantestudines)" (PDF). Breviora. 518: 1–11. 2009. doi:10.3099/0006-9698-518.1.1. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1139/E02-04 , please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1139/E02-04 instead.
  10. ^ a b Annalisa Gottmann-Quesada, P.Martin Sander (2009). "A redescription of the early archosauromorph Protorosaurus speneri MEYER, 1832, and its phylogenetic relationships". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 287 (4–6): 123–220.
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