Encelia

Encelia
	Encelia farinosa near; Palm Springs, California
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Subfamily:	Asteroideae
Tribe:	Heliantheae
Subtribe:	Enceliinae
Genus:	Encelia; Adans.
Synonyms
	Armania Bertero ex DC.; Pallasia L'Hér. ex L'Hér.;

Encelia is a genus of the plant family Asteraceae whose members are frequently called brittlebushes. It consists of shrubs (and one geophyte) of arid environments in southwestern North America and western South America.^[2]

All have n = 18 chromosomes. All the North American species are obligate outcrossers. In cultivation, the species readily form fertile F₁ hybrids, F₂s, and backcrosses, but in natural areas of sympatry, F2s and backcrosses are absent or rare.

Encelia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the leaf miner Bucculatrix enceliae which feeds exclusively on Encelia farinosa.

The phylogenetic sister group of Encelia is a clade comprising the genera Enceliopsis and Geraea. The three genera are informally called the "Encelia alliance".^[3]

Encelia is named in honor of German biologist Christophorus Enzelius, 1517–1583.^[2]

Species^[1]^[4]

Encelia actoni Elmer - California
Encelia asperifolia (S.F.Blake) C. Clark & Kyhos - Baja California
Encelia californica Nutt. - Baja California, Baja California Sur, California
Encelia canescens Lam. - Peru, northern Chile, Bolivia
Encelia conspersa Benth. - Baja California Sur
Encelia densifolia C.Clark & Kyhos - Baja California Sur
Encelia farinosa Torr. & A.Gray var. farinosa - brittlebush - Baja California, Baja California Sur, California, Sonora, Sinaloa, Hidalgo, Arizona, Utah, Nevada
Encelia frutescens (A.Gray) A.Gray - Arizona, California, Nevada, Baja California
Encelia halimifolia Cav. - Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora
Encelia hispida Andersson - Galápagos
Encelia laciniata Vasey & Rose - Baja California, Baja California Sur
Encelia nutans Eastwood - Utah, Colorado
Encelia palmeri Vasey & Rose - Baja California Sur
Encelia pilocarpa Rubsy- Bolivia
Encelia pilosiflora S.F.Blake - Peru
Encelia ravenii Wiggins - Baja California Sur
Encelia resinifera C. Clark - Utah, Arizona
Encelia scaposa (A.Gray) A.Gray- Chihuahua, Texas, New Mexico
Encelia stenophylla Greene - Baja California, Baja California Sur
Encelia ventorum T.S Brandegee - Baja California, Baja California Sur
Encelia virginensis A. Nels. - California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico

References

^ ^a ^b Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
^ ^a ^b Flora of North America, Encelia Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 128. 1763.
^ "Encelia and its relatives". Archived from the original on 2021-03-12. Retrieved 2020-01-06.
^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps

References

Further reading