Audrey Walsingham
Audrey Walsingham | |
|---|---|
| Born | Lady Audrey Shelton 10 June 1568 |
| Died | May 1624 |
| Buried | 20 May 1624 St Nicholas, Chislehurst |
| Noble family | Shelton |
| Spouse(s) | Thomas Walsingham |
| Issue | Thomas Walsingham |
| Father | Sir Ralph Shelton |
| Mother | Mary Woodhouse |
| Occupation | Lady of the Bedchamber to Elizabeth I Mistress of the Robes to Anne of Denmark |
Lady Audrey Walsingham (née Shelton; 1568–1624) was an English courtier. She served as Lady of the Bedchamber to queen Elizabeth I of England, and then as Mistress of the Robes to Anne of Denmark from 1603 until 1619.
Family connections
[edit]Sometimes called "Etheldreda", she was born on 10 June 1568 to Sir Ralph Shelton of Shelton, Norfolk and Mary Woodhouse, daughter of William Woodhouse of Waxham. Her mother died five days after her birth.[1]
Her father was a son of Sir John Shelton and Margaret Parker, daughter of the heir to Henry, Lord Morley. John Shelton's mother was Anne Shelton née Boleyn, aunt of Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII's queen, and his sisters included Madge Shelton and Mary Shelton. Her aunt Mary Shelton married Sir John Scudamore.
Audrey Shelton married Sir Thomas Walsingham, cousin of Sir Francis Walsingham. Their home was Scadbury Manor at Chislehurst.
Lady of the Bedchamber to Elizabeth
[edit]She served as Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth. She signed an inventory of the wardrobe of Queen Elizabeth in July 1600.[2]
In 1600 the Earl of Northumberland presented Elizabeth with a petticoat supplied by Lady Walsingham and a jewel bought from John Spilman, the total value of his gift was £200.[3]
During Thomas Egerton's entertainment at Harefield in August 1602, she was assigned in the lottery the prize of a cutwork stomacher in the lottery with these verses; "This stomacher is full of windows wrought, Yet none through them can look into your thought."[4] Walsingham presented the queen with Egerton's gift of a gown or robe embroidered with rainbows and recited verses about Iris and St Swithin.[5] The historian Janet Arnold linked this presentation at Harefield with the "Rainbow" portrait of Elizabeth at Hatfield House.[6] The embroidery depicted in the portrait has some similarities with the contemporary petticoat formerly preserved at St Faith's Bacton, Herefordshire.[7]
Union of the Crowns
[edit]In 1603, Walsingham was selected by the Privy Council to join an English entourage sent to meet the new queen Anne of Denmark at the Scottish border at Berwick-upon-Tweed, and accompany her to London. Her companions included the Countess of Kildare and the Countess of Worcester. A Venetian diplomat, Giovanni Carlo Scaramelli, wrote that the six great ladies were escorted to Berwick-upon-Tweed by 200 horsemen.[8] Walsingham was in Berwick by the 27 May. On that day, Anne of Denmark left Stirling Castle, where she had suffered a miscarriage, for Edinburgh.[9] The Countess of Kildare left her companions in Berwick that day, and went ahead to Edinburgh.[10]
At first, the queen was reluctant to make Walsingham and Kildare ladies of her Privy Chamber, but preferred Lucy Russell, Countess of Bedford.[11] Walsingham was made a lady of the Privy Chamber, and Anne Clifford noted that she was a great favourite of Sir Robert Cecil at this time.[12]
Mistress of the Robes to Anne of Denmark
[edit]Audrey Walsingham was appointed guardian and keeper of the robes by Anne of Denmark on 26 July 1603, the day after her coronation, and given a salary of 40 marks yearly.[13] The role including buying "stuffs of gold, silver, tinsels or silks", and appointing tailors and embroiderers for the queen's apparel.[14] An account shows that she checked bills from suppliers like the hosier Hugh Griffiths who made silk stockings.[15] In May 1604 she was granted an annual pension of £200 for attending the queen.[16]
According to Arbella Stuart, Anne of Denmark asked Walsingham and the Countess of Suffolk to take Elizabeth's old clothes from a store in the Tower of London for a masque at New Year, The Vision of the Twelve Goddesses.[17][18][19] William Cookesbury supplied feathers for the masque costumes to Audrey Walsingham and Elizabeth Carey.[20] Walsingham also participated in the masques organised by Anne, playing the role of Astraea in The Vision of the Twelve Goddesses (January 1604), and Periphere in The Masque of Blackness (1605).
In February 1605 she was given £200 towards the expenses of the pregnant queen's "lying down or confinement.[21] In May 1606 she was paid £300 for linen supplied to Anne of Denmark during childbed and for the use of Princess Mary.[22] Another payment for linen and lacework during Anne's lying-in while pregnant with Princess Sophie amounted to £614.[23] One of her servants died at Hampton Court in October 1606 during a plague scare.[24]
In April 1608 she was confirmed as Mistress of the Robes with an annual fee of 40 marks and two annuities worth £200 each.[25] Anne of Denmark gave her presents of her old clothes, on 6 January 1611 she received a velvet gown with stripes of cloth of gold and gold lace.[26]
She was rumored to have a relationship with Robert Cecil (d. 1612), and in the anonymous poem O Ladies, Ladies Howle & Cry she was accused of having caused his death together with the Countess of Suffolk by infecting him with syphilis.
On 20 August 1613 Anne of Denmark was received at Wells, Somerset. The mayor William Bull hosted a dinner for members of her household including Lady Walsingham, Lady Hatton, and the four maids of honour.[27]
In August 1615 thieves took embroidered cushion and stool covers and sewing silk for embroidery weighing 40 pounds from Whitehall Palace said to belong to her husband, but may have been connected with the queen's wardrobe.[28] The Venetian ambassador Antonio Foscarini described his final audience with Anne of Denmark in a gallery at Greenwich Palace on 4 December 1615, accompanied only by the Mistress of the Robes and his secretary, Giovanni Rizzardo.[29]
The court physician Théodore de Mayerne noted she suffered from serious headaches or migraine.[30] She died in May 1624 and was buried at St Nicholas, Chislehurst.
References
[edit]- Carole Levin, Anna Riehl Bertolet: A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives and Memorable Acts, 1500-1650, New York, 2017
- Leeds Barroll, Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography
- 'O Ladies, ladies howle & cry', Early Stuart Libels.
- ^ Francis Blomefield, An Essay Towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk, vol. 5 (London, 1806), p. 268.
- ^ British Library, Stowe MS 557 Inventory of the Royal Wardrobe
- ^ HMC 6th Report: Northumberland (London, 1879), p. 228.
- ^ Elizabeth Goldring, Faith Eales, Elizabeth Clarke, Jayne Elisabeth Archer, John Nichols's The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth, vol. 4 (Oxford, 2014), pp. 184-6, 190 modernised here.
- ^ John Nichols, The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth, vol. 3 (London, 1823), pp. 15-16, 591-3.
- ^ Janet Arnold, Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlocked (London, 1988), pp. 83-4, 94.
- ^ Eleri Lynn, 'The Bacton Altar Cloth', Costume, 52:1 (March 2018), pp. 18-20.
- ^ Horatio Brown, Calendar State Papers, Venice: 1603-1607, vol. 10 (London, 1900), p. 27 no. 40.
- ^ Lesley Lawson, Out of the Shadows: The Life of Lucy, Countess, Countess of Bedford (London: Hambledon, 2007), p. 49.
- ^ HMC Salisbury Hatfield, vol. 15 (London, 1930), pp. 105, 112.
- ^ Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, vol. 3 (London, 1838), pp. 11-12.
- ^ Jessica L. Malay, Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writings (Manchester, 2018), p. 19.
- ^ Janet Arnold, Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (Maney, 1988), p. 151.
- ^ Mary Anne Everett Green, Calendar State Papers Domestic: Addenda: 1580-1625 (London, 1872), p. 427, TNA SP15/35 f.61.
- ^ John Pitcher, 'Samuel Daniel's Masque "The Vision of the Twelve Goddesses": Texts and Payments', Medieval & Renaissance Drama in England, 26 (2013), p. 30.
- ^ Mary Anne Everett Green, Calendar State Papers James I: 1603-1610 (London, 1857), p. 113.
- ^ Sarah Gristwood, Arbella: England's Lost Queen (London: Bantam, 2004), p. 282: Sara Jayne Steen, The letters of Lady Arbella Stuart (Oxford, 1994), p. 197.
- ^ Clare McManus, Women on the Renaissance stage: Anna of Denmark and Female Masquing in the Stuart Court (Manchester, 2002), p. 107.
- ^ Ann Rosalind Jones & Peter Stallybrass, Renaissance Clothing and the Materials of Memory (Cambridge, 2000), p. 26.
- ^ John Pitcher, 'Samuel Daniel's Masque "The Vision of the Twelve Goddesses": Texts and Payments', Medieval & Renaissance Drama in England, 26 (2013), pp. 33, 38.
- ^ Mary Anne Everett Green, Calendar State Papers James I: 1603-1610 (London, 1857), p. 192.
- ^ Frederick Madden, Issues of the Exchequer (London, 1836), pp. 34-5.
- ^ Fanny Bury Palliser, History of Lace (London, 1865), p. 296.
- ^ A. B. Hinds, HMC Downshire, vol. 2 (London, 1936), p. 439.
- ^ HMC 9 Salisbury Hatfield, vol. 20 (London, 1968), pp. 128, 149.
- ^ Jemma Field, 'The Wardrobe Goods of Anna of Denmark', Costume, 51:1 (March 2017), p. 20, and Supplement p. 45 no. 391.
- ^ John Nichols, Progresses of James the First, vol. 2 (London, 1828), p. 675.
- ^ Constance Brown Kuriyama, Christopher Marlowe: A Renaissance Life (Cornell, 2002), p. 101 quoting Middlesex Court Records, vol. 2, p. 100.
- ^ Leeds Barroll, Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography (Philadelphia, 2001), pp. 158-9: Allen Hinds, Calendar State Papers, Venice: 1615-1617, vol. 14 (London, 1908), pp. 76, 96.
- ^ Henry Ellis, Original Letters, 2nd series vol. 3 (London, 1827), p. 247.