Geobacillus stearothermophilus: Difference between revisions

Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Firmicutes
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Bacillales
Family:	Bacillaceae
Genus:	Geobacillus
Species:	stearothermophilus
Binomial name
	Geobacillus stearothermophilus;

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Bacillus stearothermophilus (or Geobacillus stearothermophilus)^[1] is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium and a member of the division Firmicutes. The bacteria is a thermophile and is widely distributed in soil, hot springs, ocean sediment, and is a cause of spoilage in food products. It will grow within a temperature range of 30-75 degrees celsius. It is commonly used as a challenge organism for sterilization validation studies and periodic check of sterilization cycles. The biological indicator contains spores of the organism on filter paper inside a vial. After sterilizing, the cap is closed, an ampule of growth medium inside of the vial is crushed and the whole vial is incubated. A color and/or turbidity change indicates the results of the sterilization process; no change indicates that the sterilization conditions were achieved, otherwise the growth of the spores indicates that the sterilization process has not been met.

Examples of this type of biological indicator using this bacillus are Getinge's Biosign Steam-24. Biological indicators are used in conjunction with chemical indicators and process indicators to validate sterilization processes.

Polymerase

Recently, a DNA polymerase derived from these bacteria, Bst polymerase, has become important in molecular biology applications.

Bst polymerase has a helicase-like activity, making it able to unwind DNA strands. Its optimum functional temperature is between 64 and 65°C and it is denatured at temperatures above 70ºC. These features make it useful in isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification^[2]. Isothermal amplification is similar to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but does not require the high temperature (96°C) step required to denature DNA.

References

^ International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 51 (3): 795. 2001 http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/51/3/795.pdf. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "titlotification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 50, part 2, of the IJSEM" ignored (help)
^ Mori Y, Hirano T, Notomi T (2006). "Sequence specific visual detection of LAMP reactions by addition of cationic polymers". BMC Biotechnol. 6: 3. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-6-3. PMC 1373654. PMID 16401354.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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[1] International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 51 (3): 795. 2001 http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/51/3/795.pdf. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "titlotification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 50, part 2, of the IJSEM" ignored (help)

[2] Mori Y, Hirano T, Notomi T (2006). "Sequence specific visual detection of LAMP reactions by addition of cationic polymers". BMC Biotechnol. 6: 3. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-6-3. PMC 1373654. PMID 16401354.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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 }}
-'''''Bacillus stearothermophilus''''' (or '''''Geobacillus stearothermophilus''''')<ref>{{cite journal |author= |title=Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 50, part 2, of the IJSEM |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=795 |year=2001 |url=http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/51/3/795.pdf}}</ref> is a rod-shaped, [[Gram-positive]] [[bacterium]] and a member of the division [[Firmicutes]]. The bacteria is a [[thermophile]] and is widely distributed in soil, hot springs, ocean sediment, and is a cause of spoilage in food products. It will grow within a temperature range of 30-75 degrees celsius. It is commonly used as a challenge organism for [[Sterilization (microbiology)|sterilization]] validation studies and periodic check of sterilization cycles. The [[Bioindicator|biological indicator]] contains [[spore]]s of the organism on filter paper inside a vial.  After sterilizing, the cap is closed, an ampule of growth medium inside of the vial is crushed and the whole vial is [[Incubator (microbiology)|incubated]].  A color and/or [[turbidity]] change indicates the results of the sterilization process; no change indicates that the sterilization conditions were achieved, otherwise the growth of the spores indicates that the sterilization process has not been met.
+'''''Bacillus stearothermophilus''''' (or '''''Geobacillus stearothermophilus''''')<ref>{{cite journal |author= |titlotification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 50, part 2, of the IJSEM |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=795 |year=2001 |url=http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/51/3/795.pdf}}</ref> is a rod-shaped, [[Gram-positive]] [[bacterium]] and a member of the division [[Firmicutes]]. The bacteria is a [[thermophile]] and is widely distributed in soil, hot springs, ocean sediment, and is a cause of spoilage in food products. It will grow within a temperature range of 30-75 degrees celsius. It is commonly used as a challenge organism for [[Sterilization (microbiology)|sterilization]] validation studies and periodic check of sterilization cycles. The [[Bioindicator|biological indicator]] contains [[spore]]s of the organism on filter paper inside a vial.  After sterilizing, the cap is closed, an ampule of growth medium inside of the vial is crushed and the whole vial is [[Incubator (microbiology)|incubated]].  A color and/or [[turbidity]] change indicates the results of the sterilization process; no change indicates that the sterilization conditions were achieved, otherwise the growth of the spores indicates that the sterilization process has not been met.
 Examples of this type of biological indicator using this bacillus are Getinge's Biosign Steam-24. Biological indicators are used in conjunction with [[chemical indicator]]s and [[process indicator]]s to validate sterilization processes.
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 Recently, a [[DNA polymerase]] derived from these bacteria, ''Bst'' polymerase, has become important in molecular biology applications.
-''Bst'' polymerase has a [[helicase]]-like activity, making it able to unwind DNA strands. Its optimum functional temperature is between 60 and 65°C and it is [[Denaturation (biochemistry)|denatured]] at temperatures above 70ºC. These features make it useful in [[Isothermal process|isothermal]] [[Nucleic Acid Amplification]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mori Y, Hirano T, Notomi T |title=Sequence specific visual detection of LAMP reactions by addition of cationic polymers |journal=BMC Biotechnol. |volume=6 |issue= |pages=3 |year=2006 |pmid=16401354 |pmc=1373654 |doi=10.1186/1472-6750-6-3 |url=}}</ref>. Isothermal amplification is similar to the [[Polymerase chain reaction|polymerase chain reaction (PCR)]] but does not require the high temperature (96°C) step required to denature DNA.
+''Bst'' polymerase has a [[helicase]]-like activity, making it able to unwind DNA strands. Its optimum functional temperature is between 64 and 65°C and it is [[Denaturation (biochemistry)|denatured]] at temperatures above 70ºC. These features make it useful in [[Isothermal process|isothermal]] [[Nucleic Acid Amplification]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mori Y, Hirano T, Notomi T |title=Sequence specific visual detection of LAMP reactions by addition of cationic polymers |journal=BMC Biotechnol. |volume=6 |issue= |pages=3 |year=2006 |pmid=16401354 |pmc=1373654 |doi=10.1186/1472-6750-6-3 |url=}}</ref>. Isothermal amplification is similar to the [[Polymerase chain reaction|polymerase chain reaction (PCR)]] but does not require the high temperature (96°C) step required to denature DNA.
 ==References==