Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma

Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma
Part of Boshin War
Kondo Isami at the Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma.
Date 29 March 1868 Location Katsunuma, Yamanashi Result Decisive Imperial victory
Belligerents
Satsuma, Chōshū, Tosa	Bakufu, Shinsengumi
Commanders and leaders
Ruler: Meiji Emperor Army: Itagaki Taisuke Ijichi Masaharu	Shogun: Tokugawa Yoshinobu Army: Kondo Isami, Hijikata Toshizō
Strength
3,000 combatants	300 combatants
Casualties and losses
unknown	179

The Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma (甲州勝沼の戦い, Kōshū-Katsunuma no tatakai) was a battle between pro-Imperial and Tokugawa shogunate forces during the Boshin War in Japan. The battle followed the Battle of Toba-Fushimi on 29 March 1868 (Gregorian calendar).

Prelude

Tosa Jinshotai(迅衝隊)(From the left in the bottom row: Ban Gondayu, Itagaki Taisuke, Tani Otoi(young boy), Yamachi Motoharu. From the left in the middle row: Tani Shigeki(Sinbei), Tani Tateki(Moribe), Yamada Kiyokado(Heizaemon), Yoshimoto Sukekatsu(Heinosuke). From the left in the top row: Kataoka Masumitsu(Kenkichi), Manabe Masayoshi(Kaisaku), Nishiyama Sakae, Kitamura Shigeyori(Chobei), Beppu Hikokuro.)

After defeating the forces of the Tokugawa shogunate at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, the Imperial forces (consisting of the feudal armies of Chōshū, Satsuma and Tosa domains) split into three columns, which progressed northeast towards the Tokugawa capital of Edo up each of the three main highways: Tōkaidō (road), Nakasendō and Hokurikudō.

Meanwhile, Kondō Isami, leader of the Shinsengumi, withdrew to Edo after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi. Once back in Edo, he met with Shogunal military commander Katsu Kaishū. Kondō created a new unit based on the surviving remnants of the Shinsengumi, called the Kōyō- chimbutai (甲陽鎮撫隊), and they departed Edo on 1 March.

The battle

The Imperial army reached the Tokugawa stronghold of Kofu, Yamanashi first, and occupied it with a struggle. The Imperial army then met the Shogunal forces in battle at Katsunuma (now a part of Kōshū, Yamanashi) on 29 March. Outnumbered 10:1, the Shogunal forces were defeated with 179 casualties. The survivors, including Kondō, attempted to flee to Aizu via Sagami Province, which was still controlled by Tokugawa hatamoto loyalists.

Consequences

Kondō Isami narrowly escaped from this battle, but was captured soon after at Nagareyama, Chiba. He was beheaded by the new government at Itabashi a short time later. The Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma was the last significant military action in central Honshū during the Boshin War, and the death of Kondō Isami further demoralized Tokugawa supporters, contributing to the surrender of Edo Castle without bloodshed later that year.

Further reading

• Aikawa Tsukasa and Kikuchi Akira. Shinsengumi Jitsuroku. Tōkyō: Chikuma-Shōbō, 1996.
• Kikuchi Akira. Shinsengumi Hyakuichi no Nazo. Tōkyō: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 2000.
• Nagakura Shinpachi. Shinsengumi Tenmatsu-ki. Tōkyō: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 2003
• Shinsengumi Saitō Hajime no Nazo. Tōkyō: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 2003.
• Yamakawa Kenjirō. Aizu Boshin Senshi. Tōkyō: Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 1931.

The decapitation of Kondō Isami after the battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma. 1868 newspaper.