Big Game (American football)

Big Game

Teams	California Golden Bears Stanford Cardinal
Trophy	Stanford Axe
Location of Stanford University and UC Berkeley in Northern California

The Big Game is an American college football rivalry game played by the California Golden Bears football team of the University of California, Berkeley and Stanford Cardinal football team of Stanford University. First played 132 years ago in 1892, it is the seventh most played college football rivalry game in the United States. Stanford leads the series 61–46–11. The game is typically played in late November or early December, and its location alternates between the two universities every year. In even-numbered years, the game is played at Berkeley, while in odd-numbered years it is played at Stanford. Stanford has won the six most recent games, the latest at Stanford Stadium by a score of 35–22.

Series history

The Big Game is the oldest college football rivalry in the West. In number of games, it is one behind the Civil War of Oregon vs. Oregon St. because the Oregon teams played through both World Wars I & II while the Big Game was suspended during both wars. The first game was played on San Francisco's Haight Street Grounds on March 19, 1892 with Stanford winning 14–10. Future U.S. President Herbert Hoover was the Stanford team manager for that game.

The term "Big Game" was first used in 1900, when it was played on Thanksgiving Day in San Francisco. During that game, a large group of men and boys, who were observing from the roof of the nearby S.F. and Pacific Glass Works, fell into the fiery interior of the building when the roof collapsed, resulting in 13 dead and 78 injured. On December 4, 1900, the last victim of the disaster (Fred Lilly) died, bringing the death toll to 22; and, to this day, the "Thanksgiving Day Disaster" remains the deadliest accident to kill spectators at a U.S. sporting event.

In 1906, citing concerns about the violence in football, both schools dropped football in favor of rugby, which was played for the Big Games of 1906–14. The first incidence of card stunts was performed by Cal fans at the halftime of the 1910 Big Game.

California resumed playing football in 1915, but Stanford's rugby teams continued until 1917. From 1915–1917, California's "Big Game" was their game against Washington, while Stanford played Santa Clara as their rugby "Big Game". The 1918 game, in which Cal prevailed 67–0, is not considered an official game because Stanford's team was composed of volunteers from the Student Army Training Corps stationed at Stanford, some of whom were not Stanford students. The game resumed as football in 1919, and has been played as such every year since, except from 1943 to 1945, when Stanford shut down its football program due to World War II. A handful of Stanford starters—including guards Jim Cox, Bill Hachten and Fred Boensch, running back George Quist and halfback Billy Agnew—shifted to Cal in order to continue playing. Quist returned to Stanford, playing against Cal in the 1946 Big Game.

Scenes for the Harold Lloyd silent classic The Freshman were filmed at California Memorial Stadium during halftime of the 1924 Big Game.

Since 1933, the victor of the game has been awarded possession of the Stanford Axe. If a game ended in a tie, the Axe stayed on the side that already possessed it; this rule became obsolete in 1996 when the NCAA instituted overtime. The Axe is a key part of the rivalry's history, having been stolen on several occasions by both sides, starting in 1899, when the Axe was introduced when Stanford yell leader Billy Erb used it at a baseball game between the two schools.

In March 2007, the National Football League announced that it intended to trademark the phrase "The Big Game" in reference to the Super Bowl, but soon dropped the plan after being faced with opposition from Cal and Stanford.

In 2013, the new Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara was proposed as the site of the 2014 Big Game, which according to the traditional rotation should be played at Cal's Memorial Stadium. The 2015 game would then be held in Berkeley, reversing the current rotation of odd-numbered years at Stanford and even-numbered years at Cal. But several days later Cal declined the offer.

Notable games

Stanford players lift the Stanford Axe after winning the 2010 Big Game

1924: Both teams came into the game unbeaten with a berth in the 1925 Rose Bowl on the line. With its star Ernie Nevers sidelined due to injuries, Stanford trailed 20–6 with under 5 minutes to go, but rallied to score twice to force a 20–20 tie and earn the Rose Bowl bid.

1947: In the 50th Big Game, winless Stanford led the 8–1 Bears with less than three minutes left in the game, but Cal scored on an 80-yard touchdown pass to clinch a 21–18 victory.

1959: Stanford quarterback Dick Norman threw for 401 yards (then an NCAA record, and still a Big Game record), but it was not enough to hold off the Bears, who won 20–17.

1972: Cal drove 62 yards in the final 1:13, culminating in a Vince Ferragamo touchdown pass to Steve Sweeney for a last-second 24–22 Cal victory.

1974: Mike Langford nailed a 50-yard field goal on the final play for a 22–20 Stanford triumph over the 19th-ranked Bears.

1982: See below and The Play.

1988: With the score tied, Cal marched to the Stanford 3-yard line with 4 seconds remaining in the game. Called "the Cadillac of kickers in college football" by Cal coach Bruce Snyder, all Pac-10 and future all-American Robbie Keen lined up for a 21-yard field goal attempt to win the game on the final play. When the ball was snapped, Stanford redshirt freshman Tuan Van Le raced from the left end of the defensive line to block the kick and preserve a 19–19 tie. As Stanford was the holder of the Axe going into the game, the tie meant the Axe returned to the Farm for another year. The result was celebrated in the stadium as a victory by Stanford as the Axe was paraded by the Stanford Axe Committee and football players before jubilant Cardinal fans, with stunned Bear fans looking on. This was the only Big Game to end in a tie after 1953 and under current overtime rules may be the last Big Game to end tied.

1990: This game had echoes of the 1982 game due to late seesaw scoring, the critical role of fans on the field, and the winning points being scored as time expired. It has been called "The Payback" by Stanford fans. After trailing since the first quarter, left-footed Stanford kicker John Hopkins kicked his fourth field goal of the game with 9:56 left to give Stanford its first lead at 18–17. Cal responded with a touchdown and added a two-point conversion to lead 25-18 with 6:03 left. Stanford stopped Cal on a third and 6 on the Stanford 46 with 2:06 left to play. After Cal's punt, Stanford took its final possession on its own 13 with 1:54 remaining. Escaping two near interceptions and converting a 4th and 6, Stanford moved the ball to the Cal 19 with 0:17 left. Quarterback Jason Palumbis threw a touchdown pass to Ed McCaffrey in the end zone to make the score 25–24. With no overtime period available, and despite the fact that a tie would keep the Axe at Stanford for another year, Cardinal Coach Denny Green quickly went for a two-point conversion. The attempt failed and Cal fans and players engulfed the field, causing a lengthy delay and resulting in a 15-yard delay of game penalty. With 0:12 on the clock and now kicking from the 50 yard line, Hopkins bounced the ensuing onside kick off a Cal player and, after being touched by seven players, the ball was recovered by Stanford's Dan Byers on the Cal 37. With 0:09 seconds remaining and no time outs left, a pass attempt to McCaffrey to set up a field goal fell short, but Palumbis was roughed on the play moving the ball to the 22 yard line. With 0:05 left, Hopkins connected on a 39-yard field goal into the wind, giving Stanford a 27–25 victory as time expired. This time Stanford students and players engulfed the field. The late passing and kicking excitement overshadowed two excellent running performances by Cal's Russell White (177 yards and 2 TD's) and Stanford's Glyn Milburn (196 yards and 1 TD). Milburn also led Stanford receiving with 9 receptions for 66 yards and had 117 return yards. His 379 all-purpose yards set a Pac-10 record at the time and remained Stanford's record until it was eclipsed by Christian McCaffrey's 389 all-purpose yards in the 2015 edition of the Big Game.

2000: Stanford's Casey Moore caught the winning touchdown on the final play of the first-ever Big Game to go into overtime.

2009: Cal's Michael Mohamed intercepted an Andrew Luck pass at the Cal 3-yard line with 1:36 left to preserve a Cal win over #14 Stanford, 34–28.

2010: #6 Stanford, in a 48–14 victory, ties Cal's 1975 record for most points scored in a Big Game.

2013: Winning 63–13, #10 Stanford set the record for most points scored in a Big Game, shattering the previous record of 48 shared by Cal in 1975 and Stanford in 2010. The 50-point victory margin also set a Big Game record, breaking the previous record that had stood for 83 years when Stanford beat Cal 41-0 in 1930. The 76 total points scored by both teams broke the record of 66 set in 2000. With the victory, Stanford clinched the Pac-12 North Division Championship while Cal ended its season at 1–11, the most losses in one season in Cal football history.

The Play

Main article: The Play (Stanford vs. California)

The conclusion of the 85th Big Game on November 20, 1982 would go down as perhaps the most remarkable play in college football history. Cal held a lead late in the game, but Stanford, led by John Elway, drove down the field to retake the lead, and seemingly elevate Elway to the first bowl game of his college career, since a Stanford victory would have resulted in an invitation to the Hall of Fame Bowl. More importantly, Elway, with a victory, might well have won the Heisman Trophy. In what is now known simply as "The Play," four Cal players lateraled the ball five times on a kickoff return with four seconds left on the clock. Kevin Moen, who was also the initial ball carrier, ran for a touchdown while knocking down the final Stanford "defender," trombone player Gary Tyrrell, who had run onto the field with the rest of the band to celebrate prematurely.

The Play is often recounted with KGO radio announcer Joe Starkey's emotional call of The Play, which he hailed as "the most amazing, sensational, dramatic, heartrending, exciting, thrilling finish in the history of college football!" The legitimacy of The Play has remained controversial among some Stanford fans. To this day, the final score in the official record shows Cal winning by a score of 25–20, whereas in many Stanford publications it is recorded as Stanford 20, Cal 19 due to Stanford's contention that a Cal ball carrier had his knee down and the last lateral was actually an illegal forward pass, either of which would have resulted in the end of the play.

Game results

█ Blue: California victories (46) █ Red: Stanford victories (61) █ White: Tied games (11) █ Black: No games (7)			Cal's home stadium: California Memorial Stadium		Big Game trophy: the Stanford Axe in 2008		Stanford's home stadium: Stanford Stadium		Bold font: Winning team Italic font: Losing team Plain font: Tied games
Visiting team Home team Notes		1892 California: 10 Stanford: 14	1892 Stanford: 10 California: 10	1893 California: 6 Stanford: 6	1894 Stanford: 6 California: 0	1895 California: 6 Stanford: 6	1896 Stanford: 20 California: 0	1897 California: 0 Stanford: 28	1898 Stanford: 0 California: 22	1899 California: 30 Stanford: 0
V H N	1900 Stanford: 5 California: 0	1901 California: 2 Stanford: 0	1902 Stanford: 0 California: 16	1903 California: 6 Stanford: 6	1904 Stanford: 18 California: 0	1905 California: 5 Stanford: 12	1906 Stanford:6 California: 3 Rugby	1907 California: 11 Stanford: 21 Rugby	1908 Stanford: 12 California: 3 Rugby	1909 California: 19 Stanford: 13 Rugby
V H N	1910 Stanford: 6 California: 25 Rugby	1911 California: 21 Stanford: 3 Rugby	1912 Stanford: 3 California: 3 Rugby	1913 California: 8 Stanford: 13 Rugby	1914 Stanford: 36 California: 8 Rugby	1919 California: 14 Stanford: 10	1920 Stanford: 0 California: 38	1921 California: 42 Stanford: 7	1922 California: 28 Stanford: 0	1923 Stanford: 0 California: 9
V H N	1924 Stanford: 20 California: 20	1925 California: 14 Stanford: 27	1926 Stanford: 41 California: 6	1927 California: 6 Stanford: 13	1928 Stanford: 13 California: 13	1929 California: 6 Stanford: 21	1930 Stanford: 41 California: 0	1931 California: 6 Stanford: 0	1932 Stanford: 0 California: 0	1933 California: 3 Stanford: 7
V H N	1934 Stanford: 9 California: 7	1935 California: 0 Stanford: 13	1936 Stanford: 0 California: 20	1937 California: 13 Stanford: 0	1938 Stanford: 0 California: 6	1939 California: 32 Stanford: 14	1940 Stanford: 13 California: 7	1941 California: 16 Stanford: 0	1942 Stanford: 26 California: 7	1946 Stanford: 25 California: 6
V H N	1947 California: 21 Stanford: 18	1948 Stanford: 6 California: 7	1949 California: 33 Stanford: 14	1950 Stanford: 7 California: 7	1951 California: 20 Stanford: 7	1952 Stanford: 0 California: 26	1953 California: 21 Stanford: 21	1954 Stanford: 20 California: 28	1955 California: 0 Stanford: 19	1956 Stanford: 18 California: 20
V H N	1957 California: 12 Stanford: 14	1958 Stanford: 15 California: 16	1959 California: 20 Stanford: 17	1960 Stanford: 10 California: 21	1961 California: 7 Stanford: 20	1962 Stanford: 30 California: 13	1963 California: 17 Stanford: 28	1964 Stanford: 21 California: 3	1965 California: 7 Stanford: 9	1966 Stanford: 13 California: 7
V H N	1967 California: 26 Stanford: 3	1968 Stanford: 20 California: 0	1969 California: 28 Stanford: 29	1970 Stanford: 14 California: 22	1971 California: 0 Stanford: 14	1972 Stanford: 21 California: 24	1973 California: 17 Stanford: 26	1974 Stanford: 22 California: 20	1975 California: 48 Stanford: 15	1976 Stanford: 27 California: 24
V H N	1977 California: 3 Stanford: 21	1978 Stanford: 30 California: 10	1979 California: 21 Stanford: 14	1980 Stanford: 23 California: 28	1981 California: 21 Stanford: 42	1982 Stanford: 20 California: 25 See The Play	1983 California: 27 Stanford: 18	1984 Stanford: 27 California: 10	1985 California: 22 Stanford: 24	1986 Stanford: 11 California: 17
V H N	1987 California: 7 Stanford: 31	1988 Stanford: 19 California: 19	1989 California: 14 Stanford: 24	1990 Stanford: 27 California: 25	1991 California: 21 Stanford: 38	1992 Stanford: 41 California: 21	1993 California: 46 Stanford: 17	1994 Stanford: 23 California: 24	1995 California: 24 Stanford: 29	1996 Stanford: 42 California: 21
V H N	1997 California: 20 Stanford: 21	1998 Stanford: 10 California: 3	1999 California: 13 Stanford: 31	2000 Stanford: 36 California: 30 Overtime	2001 California: 28 Stanford: 35	2002 Stanford: 7 California: 30	2003 California: 28 Stanford: 16	2004 Stanford: 6 California: 41	2005 California: 27 Stanford: 3	2006 Stanford: 17 California: 26
V H N	2007 California: 13 Stanford: 20	2008 Stanford: 16 California: 37	2009 California: 34 Stanford: 28	2010 Stanford: 48 California: 14	2011 California: 28 Stanford: 31	2012 Stanford: 21 California: 3	2013 California: 13 Stanford: 63	2014 Stanford: 38 California: 17	2015 California: 22 Stanford: 35

Pregame traditions

2008 bonfire at the Greek Theater

In the week before the game, both schools celebrate the occasion with rallies, reunions, and luncheons. Cal students hold a traditional pep rally and bonfire at the Hearst Greek Theatre on the eve of the game, while Stanford students stage the Gaieties, a theatrical production that both celebrates and pokes fun at the rivalry. The week also includes various other athletic events including "The Big Splash" (water polo), "The Big Spike" (volleyball), "The Big Sweep" (Quidditch), "The Big Freeze" (ice hockey), "The Big Sail" (sailing), and the Ink Bowl, a touch football game between the members of the two schools' newspapers. In addition, the two schools compete in a blood drive called "Rivals for Life."

The Big Game Bonfire Rally is a pep and bonfire rally that takes place at University of California, Berkeley in Hearst Greek Theatre on the eve of the Big Game. More than 10,000 students gather to hear the history about The Stanford Axe and the Big Game. The University of California Rally Committee is in charge of the planning and setting up the bonfire, as well as refueling it during the rally. Specifically, freshman members of the UC Rally Committee, as well as freshman band members are sent out with pallets to the chanting of "freshmen, more wood." Several alumni show up to perform traditional rituals. A tradition unique to Cal is the performance of the Haka, a traditional Maori war dance/chant. Traditionally performed by an alumni Yell Leader, the Haka performed was written in the 1960s by a Cal rugby player of Maori descent. The traditional Axe Yell is also made and visits from the UC Men's Octet and Golden Overtones are always expected. The University of California Marching Band is also present, playing traditional Cal songs throughout the duration of the Rally. The highlight of the Rally is the lighting of Big Game Bonfire itself, with the fire reaching over eight stories high at its zenith.

The Big Game Bonfire Rally always ends with the reciting of a speech known as the "Andy Smith Eulogy" or "The Spirit of California". Written in remembrance of the fabled Cal football coach, who led the Bears to five straight undefeated seasons starting in 1920s before tragically dying of pneumonia in 1925, the speech closes the Rally annually. During the speech, candles are passed out among the attendants and are lit for the singing of the campus alma mater, "All Hail Blue and Gold."

For decades, Stanford also held a bonfire on the dry lakebed of Lake Lagunita, but this was discontinued in the 1990s due to the lake being a habitat for the vulnerable California tiger salamander. Stanford now holds a Big Game Rally on Angell Field organized by the Stanford Axe Committee. With appearances from the senior football players and various performance groups, it serves to kick off Big Game Week. The story of The Stanford Axe is told by Hal Mickelson, and the Axe Yell is performed by the Yell Leaders of The Stanford Axe Committee. The rally ends with a performance by the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band and a fireworks show. The annual student produced play, "Gaieties," pokes fun at Cal and serves to pump students up for the Big Game.

Rivalry in other sports

In other sports, matchups between Cal and Stanford are not as important to the students and the fanbase, but are still hyped and many feature their own nicknames based on the word "big." Examples include:

• Men's and Women's Rowing - The "Big Row" now in honor of Cal coxswain Jill Costello who died of stage 4 lung cancer in 2010.
• Volleyball – The "Big Spike"
• Men's Basketball - The "Big Tipoff"
• Water Polo – The "Big Splash"
• Ice Hockey – The "Big Freeze"
• Sailing - The "Big Sail," held at St. Francis Yacht Club in San Francisco

In addition, in rugby, the two schools have a trophy of their own called the "Scrum Axe". In men's basketball the semiannual matchups are sometimes labeled the "Big Game" but it is not official. In women's basketball, the meetings are simply called the "Battle of the Bay."

See also

• Most-played rivalries in NCAA Division I FBS

External links

• Stanford Magazine feature on Big Game
• The Play
• Transcript of Joe Starkey's call of the Play
• Discussion about the filming of 1925 film, The Freshman at Big Game
• Stanford Daily article on the history of Big Game
• Big Game Videos Summary of the entire 1982 game on mReplay.com