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Blonde-class cruiser

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Blonde at anchor
Class overview
NameBlonde
BuildersPembroke Dockyard
Operators Royal Navy
Preceded byBoadicea class
Succeeded byActive class
Built1909–11
In commission1910–21
Completed2
Scrapped2
General characteristics (as built)
TypeScout cruiser
Displacement3,350 long tons (3,400 t)
Length406 ft (123.7 m) (o/a)
Beam41 ft 6 in (12.6 m)
Draught15 ft 6 in (4.7 m)
Installed power
Propulsion
Speed24.5 knots (45.4 km/h; 28.2 mph)
Range4,100 nautical miles (7,600 km; 4,700 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement314
Armament
Armour

The Blonde-class cruisers were a pair of scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Upon completion in 1910–11, they served as flotilla leaders for destroyer flotillas of the First Fleet until 1913 when they were assigned to battleship squadrons. When the First World War began in August 1914, they remained with their squadrons as the First Fleet was incorporated into the Grand Fleet, although they changed squadrons over the course of the war. Blonde did not participate in the Battle of Jutland in mid-1916, unlike her sister ship, Blanche, which did, but never fired a shot. They were converted into minelayers the following year, but only Blanche actually laid mines. The sisters were reduced to reserve in 1919 and sold for scrap in 1920–21.

Design and description

These scout cruisers were too slow to lead destroyers in battle or to defend the fleet against enemy destroyer attacks, but they were still used as flotilla leaders. The Blonde class was essentially a repeat of the preceding Boadicea class, albeit with a more powerful armament and less fuel.[1] Displacing 3,350 long tons (3,400 t), the ships had an overall length of 405 feet (123.4 m), a beam of 41 feet 6 inches (12.6 m) and a deep draught of 15 feet 6 inches (4.7 m). They were powered by four sets of Parsons steam turbines, each driving two shafts. The turbines produced a total of 18,000 indicated horsepower (13,000 kW), using steam produced by 12 Yarrow boilers that burned both fuel oil and coal, and gave a maximum speed of 24.5 knots (45.4 km/h; 28.2 mph). They carried a maximum of 780 long tons (790 t) of coal and 190 long tons (190 t) of fuel oil[2] that gave them a range of 4,100 nautical miles (7,600 km; 4,700 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Their crew consisted of 314 officers and ratings.[3]

The main armament of the Blonde class consisted of ten breech-loading (BL) 4-inch (102 mm) Mk VII guns. The forward pair of guns were mounted side by side on a platform on the forecastle, six were amidships, three on each broadside, and the two remaining guns were on the centreline of the quarterdeck, one ahead of the other.[2] The guns fired their 31-pound (14 kg) shells to a range of about 11,400 yards (10,400 m).[4] Their secondary armament was four quick-firing (QF) three-pounder 1.9-inch (47 mm) Vickers Mk I guns and two submerged 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes.[2]

As scout cruisers, the ships were only lightly protected to maximise their speed. They had a curved protective deck that was one inch (25 mm) thick on the slope and 0.5 inches (13 mm) on the flat.[3] Their conning tower was protected by four inches of armour.[2]

Ships

Ship Builder[5] Laid down[2] Launched[2] Completed[2]
HMS Blonde Pembroke Dockyard 6 December 1909 22 July 1910 May 1911
HMS Blanche 12 April 1909 25 November 1909 November 1910

Service

Both Blonde and Blanche began their careers with destroyer flotillas, Blonde as senior officers' ship for the 7th Flotilla of the Mediterranean Fleet and Blanche with the 1st Destroyer Flotilla of the First Fleet. But the sisters were transferred to the 4th and the 3rd Battle Squadrons, respectively, of the First Fleet in 1913.[6]

Blonde remained with the 4th Battle Squadron through 1916,[7] although she was detached for several months mid year.[8] She had been transferred to the 1st Battle Squadron by April 1917[9] and was converted into a minelayer later in the year, although she never laid any mines in combat.[2] Similarly, Blanche remained with the 3rd Battle Squadron until January 1916 when she joined her sister in the 4th Battle Squadron.[10] The ship participated in the Battle of Jutland, but was on the unengaged side of the fleet and did not have the opportunity to fire at the Germans.[11] She was detached from the 4th Battle Squadron at the beginning of 1917,[12] presumably to be converted into a minelayer.[2] Blanche was assigned to the 5th Battle Squadron by April[13] and laid some mines at the entrance to the Kattegat in February 1918.[14]

Blonde was in reserve by February 1919[15] and had been assigned to the Nore Reserve by 1 May, together with Blanche.[16] The sisters were listed for sale by 18 March 1920[17] and Blonde was sold for scrap on 6 May. Blanche followed on 27 July 1921.[18]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 112–13
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gardiner & Gray, p. 50
  3. ^ a b Friedman 2009, p. 295
  4. ^ Friedman 2011, pp. 75–76
  5. ^ Phillips, p. 292
  6. ^ "The Navy List" (PDF). National Library of Scotland. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 18 June 1913. p. 269. Retrieved 31 March 2016.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. October 1916. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Corbett, Vol. I, p. 439; Vol. II, pp. 412, 417; Newbolt, Vol. IV, p. 34
  9. ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c" (PDF). National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. April 1917. p. 10. Retrieved 1 April 2016.[permanent dead link]
  10. ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c" (PDF). National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. January 1916. p. 14. Retrieved 1 April 2016.[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ Corbett, Vol. III, p. 345
  12. ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c" (PDF). National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. January 1917. p. 14. Retrieved 1 April 2016.[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c" (PDF). National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. April 1917. p. 10. Retrieved 1 April 2016.[permanent dead link]
  14. ^ Smith, pp. 32–37
  15. ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. 1 February 1919. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. 1 May 1919. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "The Navy List" (PDF). National Library of Scotland. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 18 March 1920. p. 1105a. Retrieved 31 March 2016.[permanent dead link]
  18. ^ Colledge, pp. 41–42

Bibliography

  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
  • Corbett, Julian. Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents. Vol. I (2nd, reprint of the 1938 ed.). London and Nashville, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum and Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-256-X.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-081-8.
  • Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1984). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  • Newbolt, Henry (1996). Naval Operations. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. Vol. IV (reprint of the 1928 ed.). Nashville, Tennessee: Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-253-5.
  • Phillips, Lawrie; Lieutenant Commander (2014). Pembroke Dockyard and the Old Navy: A Bicentennial History. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5214-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Smith, Peter C. (2005). Into the Minefields: British Destroyer Minelaying 1916–1960. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Maritime. ISBN 1-84415-271-5.
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