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Blues in the Night

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This article is about the song. For other uses, see Blues in the Night (disambiguation).
"Blues in the Night"
Song
LanguageEnglish
Published1941
Composer(s)Harold Arlen
Lyricist(s)Johnny Mercer

"Blues in the Night" is a popular song which has become a pop standard and is generally considered to be part of the Great American Songbook. The music was written by Harold Arlen, the lyrics by Johnny Mercer, for a 1941 film begun with the working title Hot Nocturne, but finally released as Blues in the Night. The song is sung in the film by William Gillespie.[1]

Writing the song

Arlen and Mercer wrote the entire score for the 1941 film Blues in the Night. One requirement was for a blues song to be sung in a jail cell. As usual with Mercer, the composer wrote the music first, then Mercer wrote the words. Arlen said,

The whole thing just poured out. And I knew in my guts, without even thinking what Johnny would write for a lyric, that this was strong, strong, strong! When Mercer wrote "Blues in the Night", I went over his lyric and I started to hum it over his desk. It sounded marvelous once I got to the second stanza but that first twelve was weak tea. On the third or fourth page of his work sheets I saw some lines—one of them was "My momma done tol' me, when I was in knee pants." I said, "Why don't you try that?" It was one of the very few times I've ever suggested anything like that to John.

When they finished writing the song, Mercer called a friend, singer Margaret Whiting, and asked if they could come over and play it for her. She suggested they come later because she had dinner guests—Mickey Rooney, Judy Garland, Mel Tormé, and Martha Raye. Instead, Arlen and Mercer went right over. Margaret Whiting remembered what happened then:

They came in the back door, sat down at the piano and played the score of "Blues in the Night". I remember forever the reaction. Mel got up and said, "I can't believe it." Martha couldn't say a word. Mickey Rooney said, "That's the greatest thing I've ever heard." Judy Garland said, "Play it again." We had them play it seven times. Judy and I ran to the piano to see who was going to learn it first. It was a lovely night.[2]

Academy Award Nomination

In 1941 "Blues in the Night" was one of nine songs nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.[3] Observers expected that either "Blues in the Night" or "Chattanooga Choo Choo" would win, so that when "The Last Time I Saw Paris" actually won, neither its composer, Jerome Kern, nor lyricist, Oscar Hammerstein II, was present at the ceremony. Kern was so upset at winning with a song that had not been specifically written for a motion picture and that had been published and recorded before the film came out that he petitioned the Motion Picture Academy to change the rules. Since then, a nominated song has to have been written specifically for the motion picture in which it is performed.[4]

Critical Comment

Composer Alec Wilder said of this song, "'Blues in the Night' is certainly a landmark in the evolution of American popular music, lyrically as well as musically."[5]

Mercer, being from the South, realized "that Arlen's notes were meant to be sung as a blues slide and that individual syllables would have made the song too formal, too racially white."[citation needed]

Famous phrases from the lyrics

  • "My momma done tol' me"
  • "when I was in knee pants"
  • "worrisome thing"
  • "a woman'll sweet talk"

The first two lines have been sung in several ways: "My momma done tol' me / when I was in knee pants"; "My momma done tol' me / when I was in blue jeans"; "My momma done tol' me / when I was in pigtails."

Recorded versions

Charting versions

Recorded versions that charted in the United States were by Woody Herman,[1][6] Dinah Shore,[1][6] Jimmie Lunceford,[1][6] Cab Calloway,[1] Artie Shaw, and Rosemary Clooney. Recorded versions in the United Kingdom were by Shirley Bassey and Helen Shapiro.

The Woody Herman recording was released by Decca Records as catalog number 4030.[1][7] The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on January 2, 1942 and lasted 11 weeks on the chart, peaking at #1.[6][8]

The Dinah Shore recording was released by RCA Bluebird Records as catalog number 11436.[1][9] The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on February 13, 1942 and lasted 7 weeks on the chart, peaking at #4.[6][8]

The Jimmie Lunceford recording was released by Decca Records as catalog number 4125.[1][7] The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on January 30, 1942 and lasted 5 weeks on the chart, peaking at #4.[6][8]

The Cab Calloway recording was released by OKeh Records as catalog number 6422.[1][10] The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on March 6, 1942 and lasted 1 week on the chart, at #8.[8]

The Artie Shaw recording was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 27609.[11] The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on November 21, 1941 and lasted 1 week on the chart, at #10.[8]

The Rosemary Clooney recording was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 39813.[12] The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on September 26, 1952 and lasted 2 weeks on the chart, peaking at #29.[8]

Other notable versions

In addition, the song has been recorded at least three times by Jo Stafford. On October 15, 1943, she recorded it with Johnny Mercer, the Pied Pipers, and Paul Weston's Orchestra, in a version released as a single (catalog number 10001[13]) and on an album (Songs by Johnny Mercer, catalog number CD1) by Capitol Records. On February 20, 1959, she recorded it with The Starlighters in a version released on an album (The Ballad of the Blues, catalog number CL-1332) by Columbia Records. Finally, she recorded it for the July 25, 1995, release of "Songs That Won The War: Hollywood Canteen".

Another version was in album Once More with Feeling: singer: Billy Eckstine, Orch. Billy May (1960)

More recently, the rock group Chicago included the song on their "Night and Day" album in 1995. The arrangement by vocalist Bill Champlin features a guitar solo by Aerosmith's Joe Perry.

Additional recorded versions (and further details on above versions)

Other uses

  • The song was frequently sampled by composer Carl Stalling in his musical scores for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons for Warner Bros. studios in the 1940s and '50s. The then-recent hit song is sung incessantly by Daffy Duck in the ironically-titled 1942 cartoon My Favorite Duck, in which Porky Pig is tormented by the duck while on a camping trip. Porky's preferred number in that cartoon is "On Moonlight Bay". At one point, Porky unconsciously starts to sing "My Mama Done Tol' Me," then stops, looks into the camera with a "Harumph!" and returns to "Moonlight Bay."
Additionally, the musical riff "my mama done tol' me" is used to identify a black duck from 'South' Germany in the 1942 Looney Tunes cartoon The Ducktators, and the song is featured prominently (with revised lyrics) in the 1943 Merrie Melody cartoon Fifth Column Mouse as well as in Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs. In the 1942 cartoon, Bugs Bunny Gets the Boid, Bugs Bunny half-mutters the song, changing the lyrics to, "My mamma done told me, a buzzard is two face..." The melody is also heard in Porky Pig's Feat, Early to Bet, The Hypo-Chondri-Cat, and others.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gardner, Edward Foote (2000). Popular Songs of the 20th Century: Chart Detail & Encyclopedia, 1900-1949. St. Paul, Minnesota: Paragon House. ISBN 1-55778-789-1.
  2. ^ Lahr, John (September 19, 2005). "Come Rain Or Come Shine: The Bittersweet Life of Harold Arlen", "The New Yorker". pp. 92–93.
  3. ^ "Awards for Blues in the Night (1941)". imdb. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
  4. ^ Sacket, Susan (1995). Hollywood Sings!. New York: Billboard Books. pp. 42–43.
  5. ^ Wilder, Alec (1972). American Popular Song: The Great Innovators, 1900-1950. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 0-19-501445-6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ a b c d e f Whitburn, Joel (1999). Joel Whitburn Presents a Century of Pop Music. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research. ISBN 0-89820-135-7.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Decca Records in the 4000 to 4461 series
  8. ^ a b c d e f Whitburn, Joel (1973). Top Pop Records 1940-1955. Record Research.
  9. ^ a b c Bluebird Records in the 11000 to 11499 series
  10. ^ a b OKeh Records in the 6000 to 6499 series
  11. ^ a b Victor Records in the 27500 to 27999 series
  12. ^ a b Columbia Records in the 39500 to 39999 series
  13. ^ a b Capitol Records in the 10001 to 10210 series
  14. ^ Decca Records in the 23500 to 23999 series
  15. ^ RCA Victor Records in the 20-4000 to 20-4499 series
  16. ^ RCA Victor Records in the 20-3500 to 20-3999 series
  17. ^ Columbia Records in the 40000 to 40499 series
  18. ^ Columbia Records in the 41000 to 41500 series
  19. ^ OKeh Records in the 6500 to 6747 series
  20. ^ Harmony Records in the 1001 to 1087 series
  21. ^ Decca Records in the 24000 to 24499 series
  22. ^ Decca Records in the 25000 to 25514 series
  23. ^ Columbia Records in the 37500 to 37999 series
  24. ^ a b Columbia Records in the 36500 to 36999 series
  25. ^ Elite Records in the 5000 to 5045 series
  26. ^ Decca Records in the 28000 to 28499 series
  27. ^ Decca Records in the 29000 to 29499 series
  28. ^ Capitol Records in the 1500 to 1999 series
  29. ^ Capitol Records in the 2500 to 2999 series
  30. ^ RCA Victor Records in the 20-1500 to 20-1999 series
  31. ^ Decca Records in the 18000 to 18499 series
  32. ^ Decca Records in the 8500 to 8999 series
  33. ^ Atlantic Records listing
  34. ^ Decca Records in the 29009 to 29255 series
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