Korean clans
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| Korean clans | |
| Hangul | |
|---|---|
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Bon-gwan |
| McCune–Reischauer | Pon'gwan |
Bon-gwan (or Bongwan) is the concept of clan in Korea, which is used to distinguish clans that happen to share the same family name (clan name). Since Korea has been traditionally a Confucian country, this clan system is similar to ancient Chinese distinction of clan names or xing (姓) and lineage names or shi (氏). The bong-wan system identifies descent groups by geographic place of origin.[1]
A Korean clan is a group of people that share the same paternal ancestor and is indicated by the combination of a bong-wan and a family name (clan name). However, a bon-gwan is not treated as a part of a Korean person's name.[citation needed] The bon-gwan and the family name are passed on from a father to his children, thus ensuring that person in the same paternal lineage sharing the same combination of the bon-gwan and the family name. A bon-gwan does not change by marriage or adoption.
Bon-gwan are used to distinguish different lineages that bear the same family name. For example, the Gyeongju Kim and the Gimhae Kim are considered different clans, even though they happen to share the same family name Kim. In this case, Gyeongju and Gimhae are the respective bon-gwan of these clans.
Different family names sharing the same bon-gwan sometimes trace their origin to a common paternal ancestor, e.g. the Gimhae Kim clan and the Gimhae Heo clan share Suro of Geumgwan Gaya as their common paternal ancestor, though such cases are exceptional.
According to the population and housing census of 2000 conducted by the South Korean government, there are a total of 286 surnames and 4,179 clans.[2]
Restrictions on marriage and adoption
Traditionally, a man and a woman in the same clan could not marry, so the combination of the bon-gwan and the family name of a husband had to differ from that of a wife. Until 1997, this was also the law, but this was ruled as unconstitutional and now DNA tests have superseded bon-gwan as an indication of one's lineage.
When adopting a child, the adoptive father and the adopted child must share the same combination of the bon-gwan and the family name.[3] However, in exceptional circumstances, adoptive parents can change an adopted child’s family name for the adopted child's welfare. In this case, the adoptive parents must visit a family court to request permission to change the family name.
List
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| English | Hangul | Hanja | 2015 South Korean population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gimhae Kim clan | 김해 김씨Descended from Suro of Gaya. After the fall of Gaya in 562, many Gaya aristocrats were incorporated into Silla. | 金海 金氏 | 4,456,700
|
| Miryang Park clan | 밀양 박씨Descended from Hyeokgeose of Silla (BC 57~936). All the Park clans in Korea trace their ancestry back to Hyeokgeose of Silla. | 密陽 朴氏 | 3,103,942
|
| Jeonju Yi clan | 전주 이씨Descended from Yi Han of Silla. | 全州 李氏 | 2,631,643
|
| Gyeongju Kim clan | 경주 김씨Descended from Gim Alji of Silla | 慶州 金氏 | 1,800,853
|
| Gyeongju Yi clan | 경주 이씨 | 慶州 李氏 | 1,391,867
|
| Jinju Kang clan | 진주 강씨 | 晉州 姜氏 | 968,109
|
| Gyeongju Choi clan | 경주 최씨 | 慶州 崔氏 | 945,005
|
| Gwangsan Kim clan | 광산 김씨 | 光山 金氏 | 926,316
|
| Papyeong Yoon clan | 파평 윤씨 | 坡平尹氏 | 770,932
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| Cheongju Han clan | 청주 한씨 | 淸州 韓氏 | 752,689
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| Andong Gwon clan | 안동 권씨 | 安東 權氏 | 696,317
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| Indong Jang clan | 인동 장씨 | 仁同 張氏 | 666,652
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| Pyeongsan Shin clan | 평산 신씨 | 平山申氏 | 563,375
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| Sunheung Ahn clan | 순흥 안씨 | 順興 安氏 | 520,384
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| Andong Kim clan | 안동 김씨 | 安東 金氏 | 519,719
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| Namyang Hong clan | 남양 홍씨 | 南陽 洪氏 | 487,488
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| Dongnae Jeong clan | 동래 정씨 | 東萊 鄭氏 | 474,506
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| Haeju Oh clan | 해주 오씨 | 海州 吳氏 | 462,704
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| Jeonju Choi clan | 전주 최씨 | 全州 崔氏 | 458,191
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| Nampyeong Moon clan | 남평 문씨 | 南平 文氏 | 445,946
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| Dalseong Seo clan | 달성 서씨 | 達城 徐氏 | 407,431
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| Changnyeong Jo clan | 창녕 조씨 | 昌寧 曺氏 | 366,798
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| Suwon Baek clan | 수원 백씨 | 水原 白氏 | 354,428
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| Gyeongju Jeong clan | 경주 정씨 | 慶州 鄭氏 | 350,587
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| Hanyang Jo clan | 한양 조씨 | 漢陽 趙氏 | 332,580
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| Yeoheung Min clan | 여흥 민씨 | 驪興 閔氏 | 159,522[4]
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| Yeoyang Jin clan | 여양 진씨 | 驪陽 陳氏 | 110,403
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| Deoksu Yi clan | 덕수 이씨 | 德水 李氏 | 58,513
|
See also
- Ancestral home (Chinese)
- Korean clan names of foreign origin
- Korean name
- List of common Korean surnames
- Place of origin
References
- ^ Duncan, John B. (28 April 2015). The Origins of the Choson Dynasty. University of Washington Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-295-80533-7.
- ^ "2000 인구주택총조사 성씨 및 본관 집계결과". 통계청 (in Korean). Statistics Korea. Retrieved 20 October 2017.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Law Agency. "The law of Family name and Bon-gwan(adoptive child)". easylaw.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-14.
- ^ "Yeoheung Min clan", Wikipedia, 2021-03-11, retrieved 2021-03-16
External links
- List of Korean clans (in Korean)