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Bonded leather

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An array of bonded leather swatches, in various colors and patterns.

Bonded leather, also called reconstituted leather or blended leather, is a term used for a man-made upholstery material made as a layered structure of a fiber or paper backer, a pulp made from shredded leather, and a polyurethane coating which is embossed with a leather-like texture. Related products, bicast leather or coated leather, are made by splitting, shaving, or grinding leather to reduce its thickness, and then laminating it.

"Salamander Industrieprodukte" in Türkheim, Bavaria is the oldest and biggest manufacturer of bonded leather fibre material worldwide.

Description

Bonded leather is made by shredding leather scraps and leather fiber, then mixing it with bonding materials. The mixture is next extruded onto a fiber cloth, or paper backing, and the surface is usually embossed with a leather-like texture or grain. Color and patterning, if any, are a surface treatment that does not penetrate like a dyeing process would. The natural leather fiber content of bonded leather varies. The manufacturing process is somewhat similar to the production of paper.[1]

Lower-quality materials may suffer flaking of the surface material in as little as a few years, while better varieties are considered very durable and retain their pattern and color even during commercial use.[1] Because the composition of bonded leathers and related products varies considerably (and sometimes is a trade secret), it may be difficult to predict how a given product will perform over the course of time. There is a wide range in the longevity of bonded leathers and related products; some better-quality bonded leathers are claimed to be superior in durability over low-quality genuine leather.[2]

Applications

Bonded leather can be found in furniture, bookbinding, and various fashion accessories. Products that are most commonly constructed with different varieties of bonded leather are: books, diaries, Bibles, art books, desk accessories, shoe insoles, mid soles, leather lining, bags, belts, chairs, and sofas.

A more fragile paper-backed bonded leather is used to cover books and desk accessories. These bonded leathers may contain a smaller proportion of leather than used in the furniture industry, and have some leather exposed in the product's surface, hence there may be an actual leather smell.

Advantages

Possible advantages of bonded leather include:[citation needed]

  • Environmentally friendly – reuses leftover leather without extra farming[3]
  • Product consistency – no natural defects and minimal batch to batch variation
  • High cutting yield – cost efficient and reduces landfill waste
  • High durability and excellent flame retardancy (for some formulations)
  • Extensive design options – from leather effects to bold geometric designs
  • Significant fuel savings – on transport applications[further explanation needed]

Disadvantages

Drawbacks may include:[1][4]

  • Does not develop a "patina", though some may see it as an advantage.
  • Difficult or impossible to repair or recondition after wear or damage[5]
  • Outgassing and "sweating" of plasticizers and other chemicals from poorly formulated products

Labeling

The actual leather content of bonded leather varies depending on the manufacturer and the quality level they are selling. In the home furnishings industry there is much debate and controversy over the ethics of using the term "bonded leather" to describe an upholstery product, which is actually a reconstituted leather. Opinion in the leather industry says that calling a product "bonded leather" is "deceptive because it does not represent its true nature. It's a reconstituted hide, not an organically grown leather".[6]

In 2011 the European Committee For Standardization published EN 15987:2011 'Leather - Terminology - Key definitions for the leather trade' to stop further confusion about bonded leather. The minimum amount of 50% in weight of dry leather is needed to use the term "bonded leather".

The US Federal Trade Commission recommends according to 16 C.F.R. Section 24: "For example: An industry product made of a composition material consisting of 60% shredded leather fibers may be described as: Bonded Leather Containing 60% Leather Fibers and 40% Non-leather Substances."[7] The Federal Trade Commission has said that "The guidelines caution against misrepresentations about the leather content in products containing ground, reconstituted, or bonded leather, and state that such products, when they appear to be made of leather, should be accompanied by a disclosure as to the percentage of leather or other fiber content. The guidelines also state that these disclosures should be included in any product advertising that might otherwise mislead consumers as to the composition of the product."[8][9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Types of Leather Furniture". My furniture. The Look Folio Pte Ltd. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
  2. ^ Staff (November 8, 2012). "Is it leather or something else?". Furniture Today. Progressive Business Media. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
  3. ^ Sloan, Carole (November 8, 2012). "New guides will affect marketing of bonded leather". Furniture Today. Progressive Business Media. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
  4. ^ "What is leather?". All about leather. BLC Leather Technology Centre Ltd. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
  5. ^ Nelson, Daryl. "Bonded Leather Sofas vs. Genuine Leather - What's the Difference?". Consumer Affairs. Consumers Unified LLC. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
  6. ^ For consumers' sake, let's not call it 'bonded leather', Furniture Today, July 8, 2007
  7. ^ GUIDES FOR SELECT LEATHER AND IMITATION LEATHER PRODUCTS Archived from the Original on 2009-03-08
  8. ^ "FTC Announces Streamlined Guidelines for the Marketer of Leather, Imitation Leather Goods". Federal Trade Commission. Federal Trade Commission. October 3, 1996. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
  9. ^ Thomas, Larry (July 12, 2013). "FTC says material makeup 'should be disclosed'". Furniture Today. Progressive Business Media. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
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