Bouteloua dactyloides
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| Turf-type buffalograss | |
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| Species: | B. dactyloides
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| Bouteloua dactyloides | |
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Bouteloua dactyloides, commonly known as Buffalograss or Buffalo Grass, is a North American prairie grass native to Canada, Mexico, and the United States. It is a shortgrass found mainly on the high plains and is co-dominant with blue grama (B. gracilis) over most of the shortgrass prairie.[3]
"Buffalo grass" in North America is not the same species of grass commonly known as 'buffalo' in Australia. It should not be confused with Stenotaphrum secundatum varieties such as Sir Walter or Palmetto.
Description
Buffalograss is a warm-season perennial shortgrass. It is drought-, heat-, and cold-resistant. Foliage is usually 5–13 cm (2.0–5.1 in) high, though in the southern Great Plains foliage may reach 30 cm (12 in). Buffalograss is usually dioecious. Plants are occasionally monoecious, sometimes with perfect flowers. Flower stalks are 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) tall. The male inflorescence is a panicle; the female inflorescence consists of short spikelets borne in burlike clusters, usually with two to four spikelets per bur.
Buffalograss sends out numerous, branching stolons; occasionally it also produces rhizomes. Roots are also numerous and thoroughly occupy the soil. The numerous stolons and roots form a dense sod. Buffalograss roots are finer than those of most plains grasses, being less than 1 mm (0.039 in) in diameter.[3]
Range
Buffalograss is common and widespread across most of the Great Plains and in scattered locations in neighboring regions, from the Canadian Prairie Provinces to central Mexico, as well as the Mississippi Valley and the Intermountain Region.[3][4]
In Australia Bouteloua dactyloides is not called 'buffalo' but referred to as 'prairie grass'.
Taxonomy
Bouteloua dactyloides was initially placed by Thomas Nuttall in the genus Sesleria.[1] It was later moved to the monotypic genus Buchloe.[5] In 1999, James Travis Columbus moved Buffalograss to Bouteloua, which also contains the grama grasses.[1]
Uses
Gardens
Buffalograss is used as a drought-tolerant turfgrass in North America and is also grown for forage. Turfgrass cultivars include 609, Prairie, Stampede and Density, while Comanche and Texoka are intended for forage.[6] In addition, researchers at the University of California Riverside and University of California Davis have hybridized a buffalograss cultivar, UC Verde,[7] creating a thick, green, drought-tolerant lawn for California's hot, dry summers.
Building
Settlers used its dense sod to build sod houses.[8]
Diseases
Buffalograss false smut is a fungal disease caused by Porocercospora seminalis (formerly placed in the genus Cercospora). Infection by the fungus prevents normal caryopsis development, resulting in loss of yield and reduced seed germination.[9]
References
- ^ a b c "Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
- ^ The Plant List, Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.
- ^ a b c Howard, Janet L. (1995). "Buchloe dactyloides". Fire Effects Information System. United States Forest Service. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ http://www.gov.mb.ca/conservation/wildlife/sar/pdf/buffalograss.pdf
- ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2006). CRC World Dictionary of Grasses. Vol. II E-O. CRC Press. p. 395. ISBN 978-0-8493-1303-5.
- ^ "Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus". Native Plant Information Network. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "UC Verde Buffalograss". University of California, Davis.
- ^ Riordan, T.P.; S.J. Browning (2003). "Buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm". Turfgrass Biology, Genetics, and Breeding. John Wiley and Sons. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-471-44410-7.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter|editors=ignored (|editor=suggested) (help) - ^ Amaradasa BS, Madrid H, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW, Amundsen K (2014). "Porocercospora seminalis gen. et comb. nov., the causal organism of buffalograss false smut". Mycologia. 106 (1): 77–85. doi:10.3852/13-147. PMID 24603834.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
