Breast binding
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Breast binding is the act of flattening breasts by the use of constrictive materials. The word also refers to the material used in this act. Common binding materials include cloth strips, elastic or non-elastic bandage, use of purpose-built undergarments (often using Spandex or other synthetic fibre) or simple layering of shirts, from tight to loose. The act of breast binding is common for trans men, but is also done by androgynous and gender fluid people as well as crossdressers and performers. Some women may use binders as alternatives to bras.
Breast binding by use of cloth strip or tape may result in bodily damage such as permanent deformation of the breast, though high-quality binders carry no risks.
History
Different time periods of history have had differing viewpoints on the female form, including widespread use of corsets throughout western European history up to the Victorian era. The Japanese kimono can be considered a very elaborate form of binding, although the obi (belt) goes around the lower torso, the chest is bound by the sarashi. In the 1920s, flappers bound their chests to achieve a less traditional look.[1] In addition, many Catholic nuns up until the 1930s were required to wear a linen breast binding under their garments in addition to their everyday vestments. This measure was designed to eliminate any potential distraction that the nuns' breasts might cause. In many ecclesiastical specialty shops, it is still possible to purchase antique linen breast bindings that have been hand-embroidered with crosses.[citation needed] Wearing a minimizer bra is common to help with large breasts.
Motivation
There are many reasons people would bind their breasts:
- For accelerated recovery by reducing movement after an injury or surgery
- For cosplay, crossplay and costuming
- For concealment of breasts or breast development
- For beauty and aesthetics
- For portrayal of breast-less characters
- For less-feminine appearance
- For suppression of gender dysphoria (among many gender identities)
- For athletics
- Lactation suppression[2]
Some adolescent girls bind their breasts as they enter puberty. This is done usually for reasons of modesty (they do not want others to see them), embarrassment (they do not want others to know they have started developing), or desire to be as they previously were (they do not want to have breasts yet). This has potential risks, as the developing tissue may conform to the restricted shape, resulting in permanent deformity. Breast binding in adolescent girls may be a symptom of body dysmorphic disorder.[3]
Men may also find cause to bind if afflicted with gynecomastia as a means to control appearance in place of surgery or during the wait before surgery. Transgender men, or people with non-binary gender identities, as well as women who have developed larger breasts from hormone replacement therapy or breast augmentation surgery, may have motivation to bind their breasts. Transgender men and people with other gender identities (typically male presenting) may bind their breasts as an alternative to or while waiting for a "top surgery" (mastectomy) in order to be recognized as masculine presenting.
Methods
There are many different methods of binding, but two cheap methods are wearing a sports bra or swimming suit top that is a few sizes too small underneath normal clothes. Two normal sports bras can be worn, with the second one worn backwards. Sports or compression bras can also be used by firmly pushing them against the chest.
A less common way of binding is using a specially fitted binding bra, however these can be more expensive and are not widely stocked. There are places to buy binders, and they are a much better alternative to other, more dangerous methods.
Some people try to bind using an ace bandage or duct tape, however these methods are dangerous and may cause cracked ribs, trouble breathing, and even suffocation if worn to sleep. [citation needed]
However, excessive use of all binding methods can lead to back pain and breathing trouble. [citation needed] A binding device/method should always be as loose as is practical and should not be worn for longer than 8 hours.[citation needed]
Complications
Binding for extended periods of time can lead to rashes or yeast infections under the breasts.[4][5] Unsafe binding may lead to permanent deformation of the breasts,[6] scarring, and lung constriction[7] and long-term binding may adversely affect the outcome of a future mastectomy.[8]
References
Notes
- ^ Farrell-Beck & Gau, J. & C. (2002). Uplift: The bra in America. . Philadelphia: Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- ^ Swift, Kathy; Janke, Jill (May 2003). "Breast Binding . . . Is It All That It's Wrapped Up To Be?". J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs. 32 (3): 332–339. doi:10.1177/0884217503253531. ISSN 0884-2175.
- ^ Horowitz K, Gorfinkle K, Lewis O, Phillips KA (December 2002). "Body dysmorphic disorder in an adolescent girl". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 41 (12): 1503–9. doi:10.1097/00004583-200212000-00023. PMC 1613829. PMID 12447038.
- ^ Feldman, JL; Goldberg, J (2006). "Transgender primary medical care: Suggested guidelines for clinicians in British Columbia". Vancouver Coastal Health. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
- ^ Erickson-Schroth, Laura (2014). Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community. Oxford University Press. p. 134. ISBN 9780199325351.
- ^ "Binding FAQ" (PDF). University of Michigan Health System. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2012.
- ^ Dutton, Lauren; Koenig, Karel; Fennie, Kristopher (2008-08-01). "Gynecologic care of the female-to-male transgender man". Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 53 (4): 331–337. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2008.02.003. ISSN 1542-2011. PMC 4902153. PMID 18586186.
- ^ Makadon, Harvey J.; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Potter, Jennifer; Goldhammer, Hilary (2015). The Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health. ACP Press. p. 409. ISBN 9781934465783.
External links
- Binding: Creating a Male-Looking Chest from Hudson's Guide.