Bulul
A Bulul is a carved wooden figure used to guard the rice crop by the Igorot peoples of northern Luzon. The sculptures are highly stylized representations of ancestors, and are thought to gain power from the presence of the ancestral spirit.[1] The Ifugao are particularly noted for their skill in carving bululs.[2]
Use
Bululs are used in ceremonies associated with rice production and with healing.[2] Creation of a bulul involves a ritual by a priest to ensure that the statue gains power. The bulul is treated with care and respect to avoid the risk of the spirits of the ancestors bringing sickness.[3] The figures are placed in rice granaries to bring a plentiful harvest.[4] A large granary may need two bululs, and a wealthy noble may also have one or more bululs in his house.[3]
Form
Male and female Bulul statues are often found together, with sex-related symbols such as the mortar for the female and pestle for the male.[5] A male bulul may sometimes be decorated with a g-string, and a female with a waist cloth, earrings and anklets.[3] Although the form varies, the bulul is commonly represented as seated on the ground, with arms crossed over his upraised knees.[6] The bulul has a simplified form, and is traditionally carved from narra or ipil wood or sometimes stone. The bulul is touched by hands dipped in blood of a chicken or pig in ritual called tunod during the rice planting season.[3] Over time the blood imparts a dark color to the figures, overlaid with a patina of grease from food offerings.[7] Bululs are handed down to the first child of a family. Typically the older statues have beetle holes made by insects in the granary.[8]
Bululs are nowadays mostly manufactured for the tourist trade, but a local family may buy such a bulul and use it for ceremonial purposes, thus in a sense adding authenticity.[7] Some of the carvers, such as Rey Paz Contreras, have become well-known artists, with their work exhibited and sold widely in the western world. Contreras uses discarded wood from the railways for his carvings of Bululs and other Anito (guardian deity) figures.[9]
Images
References
- ^ William A. Dyrness, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Juan Francisco Martinez (2008). Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Church. InterVarsity Press. p. 64. ISBN 0-8308-2454-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Damon L. Woods (2006). The Philippines: a global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 201. ISBN 1-85109-675-2.
- ^ a b c d "Unraveling the Bulul's Spiritual Origin". The Finest Writer. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
- ^ Gonzales; et al. Mapeh in Action I' 2008 Ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 114. ISBN 971-23-5011-8.
{{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help) - ^ Virgil Mayor Apostol (2010). Way of the Ancient Healer: Sacred Teachings from the Philippine Ancestral Traditions. North Atlantic Books. p. 124. ISBN 1-55643-941-5.
- ^ Sri Owen (2003). The rice book. frances lincoln ltd. p. 54. ISBN 0-7112-2260-6.
- ^ a b Dutton, Denis (2003). "Authenticity in Art". In Jerrold Levinson (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-927945-6.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ "OLD SEATED BULUL WITH RITUAL OFFERING BOWL". Tribal Mania. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
- ^ Alice Guillermo (2001). Image to meaning: essays on Philippine art. Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 88. ISBN 971-550-376-4.