Calothamnus accedens
| Calothamnus accedens | |
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| Species: | C. accedens
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| Binomial name | |
| Calothamnus accedens Hawkeswood
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| Synonyms | |
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Melaleuca accedens (Hawkeswood) Craven & R.D.Edwards | |
Calothamnus accedens, commonly known as Piawaning clawflower is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It was first formally described in 1984, declared extinct in 1992, rediscovered in 2004, removed from the "extinct" list in 2013 and found to have a population of at least 25,000 in 2015. It is a small erect shrub with crowded hairy leaves and red flowers. In 2014 Craven, Edwards and Cowley proposed that the species be renamed Melaleuca accedens.[1]
Description
Calothamnus accedens grows to a height of about 1.8 metres (6 ft) and has a single trunk, sometimes with papery bark, but is densely branched. Its leaves are crowded at the ends of the branches, stiff and needle-like, mostly 10–15 millimetres (0.4–0.6 in) long and 0.8–1.0 millimetre (0.03–0.04 in) wide. They are covered with long, whitish hairs at first but become glabrous with age and have distinct oil glands.[2][3]
The flowers are a shade of dark pink to crimson and arranged in clusters of 4 to 10, mostly on one side of the stem. The petals are 6.5–8 millimetres (0.3–0.3 in) long with a prominent vein in the centre. The stamens are arranged in claw-like bundles with 15 to 21 stamens per bundle. Flowering occurs in February and is followed by fruits which are woody, cup-shaped or cylindrical capsules, 5–6 millimetres (0.20–0.24 in) long and 6.2–9 millimetres (0.2–0.4 in) in diameter.[2][3]
Taxonomy and naming
Calothamnus accedens was first formally described in 1984 by Trevor Hawkeswood from a specimen found on a roadside between Piawaning and Wongan Hills.[2][4] The population in that area was apparently destroyed during roadwork in the 1980s and the species declared extinct in 1992.[3][5] In 2004 a specimen was collected in a botanical survey, then other populations were located so that by 2007, the population size was estimated at more than 25,000 and the species was removed from the endangered list.[3] The specific epithet (accedens) is a Latin word meaning "approaching"[6] referring to the similarity of this species to Calothamnus brevifolius and Calothamnus hirsutus).[2]
Distribution and habitat
Calothamnus accedens occurs in the area between Perth and 420 kilometres (300 mi) to the north of Perth[3] in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions.[7] It grows in sandy soils over laterite.[2]
Conservation
This species was removed from the extinct list on 6 March 2013 and is recommended for removal from all lists under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Although some populations are in areas outside protected zones, it is estimated that at least 20,000 individual plants are in a national park.[3] It is classified as "Priority Four" by the Western Australian government Department of Parks and Wildlife[7] meaning that is rare or near threatened.[8]
References
- ^ Craven, Lyn A.; Edwards, Robert D.; Cowley, Kirsten J. (30 June 2014). "New combinations and names in Melaleuca (Myrtaceae)". Taxon. 63 (3): 663–670. doi:10.12705/633.38. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Hawkeswood, Trevor J. (1984). "Calothamnus accedens T.J.Hawkeswood (Myrtaceae), a rare and endangered new species from Western Australia". Nuytsia. 5 (2): 305–310.
- ^ a b c d e f "Advice to the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population & Communities from the Threatened Species Scientific Committee" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- ^ "Calothamnus accedens". APNI. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- ^ "Endangered Species Protection Act 1992". Australian Government ComLaw. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- ^ "accedens". Wiktionary. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- ^ a b "Calothamnus accedens". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 25 July 2015.