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Catharina Ahlgren

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Catharina Ahlgren
Born1734
Sweden
Died1800
NationalitySweden
Other namesCatharina Bark, Catharina Eckerman
Occupation(s)writer, poet, translator, managing editor, journalist.
Known forfeminist and writer

Catharina Ahlgren (1734 – c. 1800) was a Swedish feminist writer, poet, translator, managing editor, and one of the first identifiable female journalists in Sweden. She is also known for her correspondence with Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht.[1] Ahlgren was a leading person in the "Female literary world of the 1750s and 1770s" in Sweden.[2] She later emigrated to Finland, where she published the first Finnish paper in the country.[3]

Biography

Catharina Ahlgren was the daughter of Anders Ahlgren, governor of Östergötland, and Laurentia Juliana Liungenfeldt. Through her sister, she was the sister-in-law of Johan Gustaf Halldin, chancellor of the Kungliga Biblioteket.[4]

According to V. Örnberg, she was at one point a chamber lady in the court of the queen Louisa Ulrika, but lost her position because of some kind of intrigue: "Chamberlady at court but soon lost her position because of plotting, managed a book shop that failed. Made translations and wrote literary things."[5]

Catharina Ahlgren married first to Bengt Edvard Eckerman, cavalry master of the royal Scanian Husars. During her first marriage, she had the daughters Charlotte Eckerman and Julie Eckerman and the sons Bengt Gustaf and Christopher. Her first marriage was reportedly troubled by economic difficulties and her youngest son were not acknowledged by her spouse as his. The marriage ended in a divorce in 1770. She married for the second time to the book printer journeyman Anders Bark or Barck.

She moved with her second spouse to Finland, possibly in 1775, and are listed as a resident in Åbo in 1782. Also her second marriage ended in a divorce. At the death of her eldest daughter Charlotte in 1790, she was one of the beneficiaries of the will. In 1796, she settled with her youngest daughter Julie in Linköping.[6]

Her contemporary, the orientalist and writer Jonas Apelblad, listed her in his writers dictionary as a strong and gifted personality, "[f]emina potens, sed ingenio plena" ("a forceful woman, but full of talent") who did not live a more peaceful life with her second spouse then she had with her first.[7]

Literary career

Translator and poet

Catharina Ahlgren reportedly became known as a poet and translator in the 1750s literary world before she had anything formally published. She was a personal friend of the famed poet Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, and their correspondence is preserved. While her friend Nordenflycht wrote under the pseudonym "Herdinnan i Norden" (Shepherdess of the North), Catharina Ahlgren wrote under the name "Herdinnan i Ahl-Lunden" (Shepherdess of the Alder-Grove).[8]

She was active as a translator of both poetry and novels from the English, French and German languages. Among her translations were German poem Die Prüfung Abrahams by Christoph Martin Wieland, and the English novel The Distressed Wife, or the history of Eliza Wyndham.

She debuted as a poet with her French language poem Au jour de l'illustre naissance de sa majestee notre adourable Reine Le 24 Jullet, dedicated to the queen, Louisa Ulrika, on the queens birthday in 1764.

Journalist and editor

During the age of liberty in Sweden, there were many essay papers published, discussing important issues in society, notably Then Swänska Argus. These essay papers were often written in form of a debate or a correspondence between two anonymous signatures. Some of them also took up the topic of the role of women in society and gender equality, the earliest one being Samtal emellan Argi Skugga och en obekant Fruentimbers Skugga by Margareta Momma in 1738-39. This presaged first-wave feminism in the English-speaking world. Many of them are believed to have female editors and journalists, but as they were customarily written under anonymous pseudonyms, most of them have not been identified.[9] Of the few identified of them were Margareta Momma, Anna Maria Rückerschöld and Catharina Ahlgren.

Literary women were viewed as fashionable. A male editor stated during a publication of a female poet: "As we wish for nothing higher than to encourage the knowledge among us, it cannot be anything other than pleasant that a member of the gender [women] so admirably support our intention."[10]

In the correspondence-debate in her paper, she wrote 1772:

Even though I have just sent my letter, I still write anew until the post leaves. My only consolation Is my feather [feather pen]. Of all artists I praise the inventor of the art of writing the most.[11]

Likely through her second marriage, Catharina Ahlgren acquired a printing press, which she managed for a period.[12] Among the writers she published was works by Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht.

On 29 October 1772, Catharina Ahlgren published and edited the essay paper Brefwäxling emellan twänne fruntimmer, den ena i Stockholm och den andra på landet i åskillige blandade ämnen (Correspondence between two ladies, on in Stockholm and the other in the country, in a number of various subjects), under the signature Adelaide. This was a feminist essay publication, written in the form of a debate i letters between two female signatures, in which she argued in favor of a social conscience, democracy and gender equality, and recommended solidarity between women as a protection against male guardianship and superiority.[13] She stated that the only way to reach true love within a relationship is to be equals, adding that as men so often want to rule over women, it is much harder to retain friendship with them than with another woman.[14] She discussed love and friendship, upbringing and education, monarchy and religion.[15] In February 1773, the essay was renamed Brefväxling emellan Adelaide och någre wittre snillen i omwäxlande ämnen (Correspondence between Adelaide and some literary geniuses in various subjects), and later that year Fortsättning af Adelaides brefwäxling, angående Fru Windhams historie (Adelaide's continuing correspondence, concerning the history of Mrs Windham). Catharina Ahlgren is also presumed to be the author of the noted essay paper De Nymodiga Fruntimren, eller Sophias och Bélisindes Tankespel (Modern Women, or the thought play of Sophia and Belisinde), which were written in the same fashion.[16] This primarily concerned with women's education as a mean of reform in women's position: for example, criticizing the dominating French language in the customary education of females, as this was used for nothing more than reading of romantic novels, and advocated that girls should learn English instead, so they could be able to take part in the scientific literature normally only published in that language, such as history and geography.[17]

Catharina Ahlgren also played a pioneer role in Finland, were she lived in Åbo from at least 1782 onward. She is identified as the editor behind Om att rätt behaga (Of the Art to Please Properly), which was, in fact, the first paper published in Finland.[18] She discontinued Om konsten at rätt behaga officially because of health reasons. In her farewell she wrote: "You may see, gentlemen, how much I wished to copy you."[19] In 1783, she published her last paper, Angenäma Sjelwswåld (Pleasant Defyings).

Works

Notes

  1. ^ Carl Forsstrand Template:Sv icon: Sophie Hagman och hennes samtida. Några anteckningar från det gustavianska Stockholm. (English: Sophie Hagman and her contemporaries. Notes from Stockholm during the Gustavian age") Second edition. Wahlström & Widstrand, Stockholm (1911)
  2. ^ Carl Forsstrand Template:Sv icon: Sophie Hagman och hennes samtida. Några anteckningar från det gustavianska Stockholm. (English: Sophie Hagman and her contemporaries. Notes from Stockholm during the Gustavian age") Second edition. Wahlström & Widstrand, Stockholm (1911)
  3. ^ Henrika Zilliacus-Tikkanen: När könet började skriva – Kvinnor i finländsk press 1771–1900 (English: When gender started to write - women in Finnish media 1771-1900)
  4. ^ Carl Forsstrand Template:Sv icon: Sophie Hagman och hennes samtida. Några anteckningar från det gustavianska Stockholm. (English: Sophie Hagman and her contemporaries. Notes from Stockholm during the Gustavian age") Second edition. Wahlström & Widstrand, Stockholm (1911)
  5. ^ Carl Forsstrand Template:Sv icon: Sophie Hagman och hennes samtida. Några anteckningar från det gustavianska Stockholm. (English: Sophie Hagman and her contemporaries. Notes from Stockholm during the Gustavian age") Second edition. Wahlström & Widstrand, Stockholm (1911)
  6. ^ Tilda Maria Forselius, "Min nådiga pappas Uprigtiga Vän och fiolliga flicka: Julie Ekerman/Björckegrens brev till Carl Sparre lästa utifrån frågor om makt och identitet". Magisteruppsats framlagd vid Institutionen för litteraturvetenskap och idéhistoria, Stockholms universitet, 2002
  7. ^ Ann Öhrberg (2001). Vittra fruntimmer. Författarroll och retorik hos frihetstidens kvinnliga författare. Stockholm: Gidlunds Förlag. ISBN 91-7844-330-X
  8. ^ Carl Forsstrand Template:Sv icon: Sophie Hagman och hennes samtida. Några anteckningar från det gustavianska Stockholm. (English: Sophie Hagman and her contemporaries. Notes from Stockholm during the Gustavian age") Second edition. Wahlström & Widstrand, Stockholm (1911)
  9. ^ Jakob Christensson (in Swedish): Signums svenska kulturhistoria. Gustavianska tiden (English: Swedish culture history by signum. The Gustavian age) (2007)
  10. ^ Henrika Zilliacus-Tikkanen: När könet började skriva – Kvinnor i finländsk press 1771–1900 (English: When gender started to write - women in Finnish media 1771-1900)
  11. ^ Tilda Maria Forselius (in Swedish): "Ett brev betyder så mycket"– några samtida perspektiv på historiska brev (English: "A letter means so much" - contemporary perspectives on historical letters)
  12. ^ Carl Forsstrand Template:Sv icon: Sophie Hagman och hennes samtida. Några anteckningar från det gustavianska Stockholm. (English: Sophie Hagman and her contemporaries. Notes from Stockholm during the Gustavian age") Second edition. Wahlström & Widstrand, Stockholm (1911)
  13. ^ Jakob Christensson (in Swedish): Signums svenska kulturhistoria. Gustavianska tiden (English: Swedish culture history by signum. The Gustavian age) (2007)
  14. ^ Jakob Christensson (in Swedish): Signums svenska kulturhistoria. Gustavianska tiden (English: Swedish culture history by signum. The Gustavian age) (2007)
  15. ^ Jakob Christensson (in Swedish): Signums svenska kulturhistoria. Gustavianska tiden (English: Swedish culture history by signum. The Gustavian age) (2007)
  16. ^ Carl Forsstrand Template:Sv icon: Sophie Hagman och hennes samtida. Några anteckningar från det gustavianska Stockholm. (English: Sophie Hagman and her contemporaries. Notes from Stockholm during the Gustavian age") Second edition. Wahlström & Widstrand, Stockholm (1911)
  17. ^ Hadenius, Stig, Nilsson, Torbjörn & Åselius, Gunnar, Sveriges historia: vad varje svensk bör veta, Bonnier Alba, Stockholm, 1996
  18. ^ Henrika Zilliacus-Tikkanen: När könet började skriva – Kvinnor i finländsk press 1771–1900 (English: When gender started to write - women in Finnish media 1771-1900)
  19. ^ Henrika Zilliacus-Tikkanen: När könet började skriva – Kvinnor i finländsk press 1771–1900 (English: When gender started to write - women in Finnish media 1771-1900)

References

  • Christensson, Jakob (red.), Signums svenska kulturhistoria. Gustavianska tiden, Signum, Stockholm, 2007
  • Hadenius, Stig, Nilsson, Torbjörn & Åselius, Gunnar, Sveriges historia: vad varje svensk bör veta, Bonnier Alba, Stockholm, 1996
  • Bohman, Nils (red.), Svenska män och kvinnor: biografisk uppslagsbok. 2, C-F, Bonnier, Stockholm, 1944
  • Stålmarck, Torkel, Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht: ett porträtt, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1997
  • [1]
  • [2]
  • ”Ett brev betyder så mycket” – några samtida perspektiv på historiska brev
  • Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor
  • Björkman, Margareta: Catharina Ahlgren : ett skrivande fruntimmer i 1700-talets Sverige (Catharina Ahlgren: a writing woman in 18th-century Sweden) Stockholm Atlantis (2006)
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