Ce qu'a vu le vent d'ouest
Ce qu'a vu le vent d'ouest is a musical composition by French composer Claude Debussy. It is the seventh piece in the composer's first book of Préludes, written between late 1909 and early 1910. The title is in French and translates to "What the West Wind Saw" The piece is 72 measures long and takes approximately four minutes to play. It is in the key of F♯ minor.
Background and influence
The title of the piece was inspired by "The Garden of Paradise", a fairy tale[1] by Hans Christian Andersen that was translated into French and published in 1907.[2]: 194 Debussy was known to have an affinity towards Andersen's stories, and it has been theorized that the author's character Zephyr – which is "a west wind" in Danish[3] – would have "appealed" to the composer when he was writing the prelude.[2]: 194 Furthermore, the technical aspects of this piece were influenced by the works of Franz Liszt.[2]: 194 [4] This is evident in Debussy's utilization of "sweeping arpeggios" at the beginning of the piece, which lead towards loud booming chords and extreme dissonance.[4]
History
The prelude is one of three works from Book I – along with La sérénade interrompue and La cathédrale engloutie – whose date of completion is unknown.[2]: 242 It was first published in April 1910, along with the rest of his preludes from that book.[5] It premiered at the Stockbridge Casino in Stockbridge, Massachusetts on July 26, 1910, with Walter Morse Rummel performing the work.[6]
Due to the challenging nature of this prelude,[7] it is considered a virtusoic performance piece, and the first of this kind in his book of preludes.[8]
Musical analysis
Placement within Preludes, Book I
Debussy was known for his extreme meticulousness in the placement of his preludes. Pianist and musical writer Paul Roberts asserts that this prelude, along with the prelude that precedes it and the one that follows it, forms "the central arch"[2]: 252 of Book I's structure, since the three pieces provide the most "dramatic contrast"[2]: 252 out of all the preludes in the first book. The sixth prelude, Des pas sur la neige (Footprints in the Snow), exudes a feeling of sadness and isolation,[9] while the La fille aux cheveux de lin (The Girl with the Flaxen Hair)—the eighth—brings about a sense of warmth and gentleness.[4] In stark contrast to both these preludes, Le Vent d'Ouest evokes a tumultuous nature, with Lederer describing the prelude as exhibiting "cathartic violence".[4] By placing these three preludes in this particular order, Debussy ensured that this prelude—arguably the most technically challenging prelude of the entire collection—was situated in-between the two that are the simplest to play out of the twenty-four.[4]
References
Footnotes
- ^ Samson, Charley (January 18, 2010). "Wednesday January 20, 2010". CPR Classical. Colorado Public Radio. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f Roberts, Paul (2001). Images: The Piano Music of Claude Debussy. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 194, 242, 252–254.
- ^ Hersholt, Jean (October 8, 2013). "Hans Christian Andersen: The A-B-C Book". The Hans Christian Andersen Center. Department for the Study of Culture at the University of Southern Denmark. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Lederer 2007, p. 98.
- ^ "Préludes (Premier livre)". Debussy.fr. Centre de documentation Claude Debussy. 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
- ^ Timbrell, Charles (August 1992). "Claude Debussy and Walter Rummel: Chronicle of a Friendship, with New Correspondence". Music & Letters. 73 (3). Oxford University Press: 399–406. doi:10.1093/ml/73.3.399. JSTOR 735295. Retrieved July 28, 2014. (registration required)
- ^ Lee, M. Owen (January 1, 2006). The Great Instrumental Works: Unlocking the Masters Series. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 184.
- ^ Weiss, Christopher (2003). "Debussy Préludes Books I & II" (PDF). Ivory Classics. Ivory Classics Foundation. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
- ^ Lederer 2007, p. 97.
Bibliography
- Lederer, Victor (2007). Debussy: The Quiet Revolutionary. New York: Amadeus Press. ISBN 978-1-57467-153-7.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
