Cellular V2X
The Cellular V2X (C-V2X) is an IEEE standard describing a technology to achieve the V2X requirements. C-V2X is an alternative to V2V communications[1].
History
Cellular V2X was developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)[1], to replace the US promoted Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and the Europe originated Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) As such standards are decisive steps towards the target autonomous driving[2] and clues to market influence, especially as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) plans to propose the compulsory introduction of Vehicle-to-everything technology off 2020 for all US vehicles.
Modes
The modes, Cellular V2X may be implemented, are:
Device-to-network i.e. Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) communication using the conventional cellular links to enable cloud services to be part of the end-to-end solution.
Device-to-device, which includes Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) [3], Vehicle-to road and infrastructure (V2I) [3] also including the use with toll systems and the direct communication and Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) – also without use of network involvement for scheduling – for the protection of the most vulnerable road users, the pedestrians[4].
Problems
All the communications systems based on wireless communication suffer from the drawbacks, inherent to |wireless communication, which are the limited capacities in various areas:
- Limited channels[5], This limit will affect especially metropolitan areas.
- Limited data rates[6], considering, that just one autonomous car will use 4,000 GB of data per day.
- The fact, that wireless communication is prone to external influences, which may be hostile[7]
- In metropolitan areas, limits of data propagation due to surroundings such as buildings, tunnels[8] and also Doppler effects, causing propagation speed reduction by repetitive transmissions required.
Outlook
The solution to handle the flow of data is expected to come from artificial intelligence[10][11]. Doubts in artificial intelligence (AI) and decision making by AI exist[12].
See also
Literature
- Pino Porciello. "Security für die Smart City". elektronik industrie (in German) (08/2018): 14–17.
External links
- Official website
- Stan Dmitriev (November 28, 2017). "Autonomous cars will generate more than 300 TB of data per year".
References
- ^ a b "Cellular V2X as the Essential Enabler of Superior Global Connected Transportation Services". IEEE 5G Tech Focus. 1 (2). IEEE. June 2017.
- ^ Mark Patrick, Benjamin Kirchbeck (January 27, 2018). "V2X-Kommunikation: LTE vs. DSRC" (in German).
- ^ a b "Autonomous and connected vehicles: navigating the legal issues" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ JJ Anaya, P Merdrignac, O Shagdar (17 July 2014). "Vehicle to pedestrian communications for protection of vulnerable road users".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)doi:10.1109/IVS.2014.6856553 - ^ Hong-Chuan Yang, Mohamed-Slim Alouini (24 May 2018). "Wireless Transmission of Big Data: Data-Oriented Performance Limits and Their Applications" (PDF).
- ^ Patrick Nelson (December 7, 2016). "Just one autonomous car will use 4,000 GB of data per day". Network World.
- ^ Gil Press. "6 Ways To Make Smart Cities Future-Proof Cybersecurity Cities".
- ^ "Tall structures and their impact on broadcast and other wireless services" (PDF).
- ^ "5G-Netzausbau wird "unfassbar teuer"" (in German).
- ^ Suhasini Gadam. "Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Vehicles".
- ^ "Neuromorphic computing meets the automotive world". Design&Test. October 30, 2017.
- ^ "How will AI, Machine Learning and advanced algorithms impact our lives, our jobs and the economy?". Harvard Business.