Chlorine azide
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| Names | |
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| Other names
Chlorine nitride; Nitrogen chloride
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| ClN3 | |
| Molar mass | 77.4731 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellow orange liquid or gas |
| Melting point | −100 °C (−148 °F; 173 K) |
| Boiling point | −15 °C (5 °F; 258 K) |
| Solubility | Soluble[vague] in butane, pentane, benzene, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon disulfide; slightly soluble in water |
| Explosive data | |
| Shock sensitivity | Extreme |
| Friction sensitivity | Extreme |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Extremely sensitive explosive |
| Related compounds | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chlorine azide (ClN3) is an inorganic compound that was discovered in 1908 by Friedrich Raschig.[1]
Concentrated ClN
3 is notoriously unstable and may spontaneously detonate at any temperature.[2]
Preparation and handling
Chlorine azide is prepared by passing chlorine gas over silver azide, or by an addition of acetic acid to a solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium azide.[3]
When treated with ammonia it is conceivable that one or more of the three possible azinamines, NH2N3, NH(N3)2, and N(N3)3 may be formed.[citation needed]
Explosive characteristics
Chlorine azide is extremely sensitive. It may explode, sometimes even without apparent provocation; it is thus too sensitive to be used commercially unless first diluted in solution. Chlorine azide reacts explosively with 1,3-butadiene, ethane, ethene, methane, propane, phosphorus, silver azide, and sodium. On contact with acid, chlorine azide decomposes, evolving toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride gas.[4]
Regulatory information
Its shipment is strictly regulated by the US Department of Transportation.
References
- ^ Frierson, W. J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide. II. Interaction of Chlorine Azide and Silver Azide. Azino Silver Chloride, N3AgCl". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 65 (9): 1698–1700. doi:10.1021/ja01249a013.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Frierson, W. J.; Kronrad, J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide, ClN3. I.". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 65 (9): 1696–1698. doi:10.1021/ja01249a012.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Raschig, F. (1908). "Über Chlorazid N3Cl". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 41 (3): 4194–4195. doi:10.1002/cber.190804103130.
- ^ CID 61708 from PubChem