Clinodactyly
| Clinodactyly | |
|---|---|
 | |
| The picture above illustrates a moderately severe case of this condition. | |
| Specialty | Medical genetics  |
Clinodactyly /ˈklaɪnˌoʊdæktɪli/ (from the Ancient Greek κλίνειν klínein meaning "to bend" and δάκτυλος dáktulos meaning "digit") is a medical term describing the curvature of a digit (a finger or toe) in the plane of the palm, most commonly the fifth finger (the "little finger") towards the adjacent fourth finger (the "ring finger").
It is a fairly common isolated anomaly which often goes unnoticed, but also occurs in combination with other abnormalities in many genetic syndromes.[1]
Genetics
Clinodactyly is an autosomal dominant trait that has variable expressiveness and incomplete penetrance.[citation needed]
Clinodactyly can be passed through inheritance and presents as either an isolated anomaly or a component manifestation of a genetic syndrome. Many syndromes are associated with clinodactyly, including Down Syndrome, Turner syndrome, Aarskog syndrome, Carpenter syndrome, Seckel syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, orofaciodigital syndrome 1, 13q deletion syndrome and Silver–Russell syndrome.[2]
When identified prenatally, for example during obstetric ultrasonography, it may be an indication for intrauterine sampling for fetal chromosome analysis as it is statistically correlated with increased risk of chromosome aberration in the fetus.[citation needed]
Pathophysiology
Due to a developmental arrest there is an abnormal alignment of the joint surfaces at either interphalangeal joint causing angulation in the plane of the palm. The finger may be slightly bent or have a very prominent bend.[3]
Diagnosis
There is no consensus on what degree of angulation justifies a diagnosis, an incline between 15° and 30° is typical.[3] A similar-sounding term, camptodactyly, is a fixed flexion deformity of a digit.
Management
Treatment is only necessary if the degree of curvature is sufficient to cause disability or if it causes emotional distress. Splinting does not routinely correct the deformity. Surgical treatments are closing wedge osteotomy, opening wedge osteotomy, and reversed wedge osteotomy.[1] Radiographs of the fingers are useful in planning the surgical procedure. Severe clinodactyly may require soft tissue alterations to the digit such as release of skin, extensor tendon relocation, and collateral ligament advancement.[1]
Epidemiology
Minor degrees of curvature are common. Reports of incidence vary between 1% and 19.5%.[1]
Additional images
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Radiograph showing clinodactyly -
![An example of clinodactyly. The condition was thought to be a sign of royalty.[citation needed]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Picture_of_right_hand.jpg/300px-Picture_of_right_hand.jpg)
An example of clinodactyly. The condition was thought to be a sign of royalty.[citation needed]
![An example of clinodactyly. The condition was thought to be a sign of royalty.[citation needed]](/wiki/File:Picture_of_right_hand.jpg)
References
- ^ a b c d Flatt, Adrian E (October 2005). "The troubles with pinkies". Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings. 18 (4): 341 to 344. PMC 1255945. PMID 16252026.
- ^ Leung, Alexander K C; Kao, C Pion (December 2003). "Familial clinodactyly of the fifth finger". Journal of the National Medical Association. 95 (12): 1198–200. PMC 2594860. PMID 14717476.
- ^ a b Hersh, A. H.; DeMarinis, F.; Stecher, Robert M. (September 1953). "On the inheritance and development of clinodactyly". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 5 (3): 257 to 268. PMC 1716475. PMID 13080251.