Conus praecellens

Conus praecellens
	Five views of a shell of Conus pracellens A. Adams, 1855, measuring 29 mm in height, off Aliguay Island, in the Philippines
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Conidae
Genus:	Conus
Species:	C. praecellens
Binomial name
	Conus praecellens; A. Adams, 1855
Synonyms
	Asprella (Asprella) sinensis (Sowerby); Conasprella praecellea (A. Adams) Habe, 1964; Conasprella sowerbii (Reeve) Habe, 1964; Conus (Turriconus) praecellens A. Adams, 1855 · accepted, alternate representation; Conus bicolor G. B. Sowerby I, 1833 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus bicolor G.B. Sowerby I, 1833 [March]; Conus sinensis is a replacement name); Conus sinensis G. B. Sowerby I, 1841 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus sinensis Gmelin, 1791); Conus sowerbii Reeve, 1849; Conus sowerbyi (unjustified emendation for Conus sowerbii, synonym of Conus praecellens); Conus sowerbyi var. subaequalis G. B. Sowerby II, 1870; Hemiconus sowerbii (Reeve, 1849); Kurodaconus praecellens (A. Adams, 1855); Leptoconus praecellens Brazier, 1877; Turriconus praecellens (A. Adams, 1855);

Conus praecellens, common name the admirable cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.^[2]

Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.

Description

The size of an adult cone varies between 20 mm and 63 mm. The shell is pear-shaped, broad and angulated at the shoulder, contracted towards the base. The body whorl is closely sulcate throughout, the sulci striate The intervening ridges of the rounded spire are carinate, concavely elevated, The acute apex is striate. The color of the shell is whitish, obscurely doubly banded with clouds of light chestnut, and the spire is maculated with the same.^[3]

This is a variable species, yet two distinct forms are recognized: (1) sowerbii form, Reeve, 1849 (a thicker, darker, and more densely spotted form with 2 protoconch whorls), and (2) aliguay form, Olivera & Biggs, 2010 (2.5 pearly white smooth protoconch whorls, more slender, higher spire, rounded shoulders, lighter colored).^[4] The sowerbii form is the most common form, and until the late 1990s was the only form typically found and in private collections.

Distribution

This marine species has a wide distribution. It occurs in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar, Réunion, Somalia, India, West Thailand and Western Australia; in the Pacific Ocean from Japan to the Philippines and Melanesia (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu).

References

^ Adams, A., 1854. Descriptions of New Species of the Genus Conus, from the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq.. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1854: 116 -119
^ ^a ^b Conus praecellens A. Adams, 1855. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 5 August 2011.
^ George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol. VI p. 74-75; 1884 (described as Conus cancellatus)
^ Biggs, J. S., Watkins, M. Showers Corneli, P. and Olivera, B. M. (2010). Defining a clade by morphological, molecular, and toxinological criteria: distinctive forms related to Conus praecellens A. Adams, 1854 (Gastropoda: Conidae). Nautilus 124:1–19.

Sowerby, G.B. (1st) 1833. Conus. pls 24–37 in Sowerby, G.B. (2nd) (ed). The Conchological Illustrations or coloured figures of all the hitherto unfigured recent shells. London : G.B. Sowerby (2nd).
Sowerby, G.B. (2nd) 1841. The Conchological Illustrations or coloured figures of all the hitherto unfigured recent shells. London : G.B. Sowerby (2nd) 200 pls.
Reeve, L.A. 1849. Monograph of the genus Conus. pls 4–9 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1.
Sowerby, G.B. (2nd) 1857. Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Vol. 3 pp. 16–20.
Sowerby, G.B. (2nd) 1870. Descriptions of forty-eight new species of shells. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870: 249–259 4
Brazier, J. 1877. Continuation of the Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition, with new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1(4): 283–301
Habe, T. 1964. Shells of the Western Pacific in color. Osaka : Hoikusha Vol. 2 233 pp., 66 pls.
Shuto, T. 1969. Neogene gastropods from Panay Island, the Philippines. Memoires of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University 19(1): 1–250
Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. Coquillages de Polynésie. Tahiti : Papéete Les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391.
Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. Tropical Pacific Marine Shells. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls.
Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp.
Filmer R.M. (2001). A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 – 1998. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp.
Tucker J.K. (2009). Recent cone species database. September 4, 2009 Edition
Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1–23