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Cyclohexanone

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Cyclohexanone[1][2]
Skeletal formula of cyclohexanone
Skeletal formula of cyclohexanone
Ball-and-stick model of cyclohexanone
Ball-and-stick model of cyclohexanone
Skeletal formula viewed side-on, showing the non-planar conformation
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.302 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C6H10O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H2 checkY
    Key: JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C6H10O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H2
    Key: JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYAY
  • C1CCC(=O)CC1
Properties
C6H10O
Molar mass 98.15 g/mol
Appearance Colorless, liquid
Density 0.9478 g/mL, liquid
Melting point −16.4 °C
Boiling point 155.65 °C
Slightly soluble
Solubility in ethanol Miscible
1.447
Viscosity 2.02 cP at 25 °C[3]
Thermochemistry
+229.03 J.K−1.mol−1
−270.7 kJ mol−1
−3519.3 kJmol−1
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g. diesel fuelInstability (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
2
Flash point 44 °C
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Cyclohexanone is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CO. The molecule consists of six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group. This colorless oil has an odor reminiscent of peardrop sweets as well as acetone. Over time, samples assume a yellow color due to oxidation. Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water (5-10 g/100 mL), but miscible with common organic solvents. Billions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly as a precursor to nylon.[4]

Production

Cyclohexanone is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts:[4]

C6H12 + O2 → (CH2)5CO + H2O

This process co-forms cyclohexanol, and this mixture, called "KA oil" for ketone-alcohol oil, is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid. The oxidation involves radicals and the intermediacy of the hydroperoxide C6H11O2H. In some cases, purified cyclohexanol, obtained by hydration of cyclohexene, is the precursor. Alternatively, cyclohexanone can be produced by the partial hydrogenation of phenol:

C6H5OH + 2 H2 → (CH2)5CO

This process can also be adjusted to favor the formation of cyclohexanol.[4]

Laboratory methods

Cyclohexanone can be prepared from cyclohexanol by oxidation with chromic oxide.

Uses

The great majority of cyclohexanone is consumed in the production of precursors to Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6. About half of the world's supply is converted to adipic acid, one of two precursors for nylon 6,6. For this application, the KA oil (see above) is oxidized with nitric acid. The other half of the cyclohexanone supply is converted to the oxime. In the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst, the oxime rearranges to caprolactam, a precursor to nylon 6:[4]

Safety

Like cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone is not carcinogenic and is only moderately toxic, with a TLV of 25 ppm for the vapor. It is an irritant.[4]

A recent study of plastic tubing used in medical procedures that circulate blood outside the body suggests a link between this compound and decreased heart function, swelling, loss of taste and short term memory loss.[5]

References

  1. ^ International Chemical Safety Card 0425
  2. ^ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
  3. ^ Data extract from Landolt-Börnstein IV/25: Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures
  4. ^ a b c d e Michael T. Musser "Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005.doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_217
  5. ^ http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-05/jhmi-cfi043009.php