Cyclophoridae

Cyclophoridae
	A live but withdrawn individual of Leptopoma nitidum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda; informal group "Architaenioglossa"
Superfamily:	Cyclophoroidea
Family:	Cyclophoridae; Gray, 1847
Subfamilies
	Alycaeinae; Cyclophorinae; Spirostomatinae
Synonyms
	Alycaeidae Blanford, 1864

Cyclophoridae is a taxonomic family of small to large tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Architaenioglossa belonging to the clade Caenogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

This diverse family with many species is now limited to the representatives in the tropics and subtropics of the Old and New World.

Their fossil history dates back to the Early Tertiary ^[1]

Description

The dextral shells are mostly of small and rarely medium size. The form of the shell varies from discoidal to turbinate. The round aperture is often modified, sometimes with an incision or a constriction. The last whorl can sometimes be disconnected and then extends strongly from the winding plane. The operculum is generally circular, which can be retracted deeply into the shell. Its form is multispiral and can be calcified or lacking calcareous overlay.The outer layer of the operculum can contain accessory deposits.

The head of the soft body ends in a short proboscis. The tentacles are round in cross-section, relatively long and taper to the end. The eyes are located at the base of the antenna on flat papillae. The longitudinal muscular foot is not divided. The mantle cavity acts as a lung cavity.The taenioglossan radula has seven elements per transverse row. The central row of the radula contains usually five, rarely three or seven teeth.The animals are dioecious.

Taxonomy and systematics

This family consists of the following subfamilies according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, which adapted the tribes of Cyclophorinae from the system used by Wenz (1938).^[2] Thirty five genera containing approximately 810 species have been recognized. ^[3]

Some notable genera are also listed: Template:Multicol Subfamily Alycaeinae Blanford, 1864^[4]

Subfamily Cyclophorinae Gray, 1847

Subfamily Spirostomatinae Tielecke, 1940

Spirostoma

Template:Multicol-break Subfamily to be determined

Incertae sedes

Spectamen rikae Vilvens, 2003 (terrestrial taxon named as marine)

Template:Multicol-end

References

^ Gordon MS, Olson EC (1995) Invasions of the Land: The Transitions of Organisms from Aquatic to Terrestrial Life. Columbia University Press, New York, 312 pp
^ Template:De icon Wenz W. (1938-1944) Teil 1: Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia. In: Schindewolf O. H. (ed.) Handbuch der Paläozoologie, Band 6, Gastropoda, Verlag Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin, xii + 1639 pp.
^ Lee YC, Lue KY, Wu WL (2008) Molecular evidence for a polyphyletic genus Japonia (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoridae) and with the description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa 1792: 22-38.
^ Blanford W. T. (June 1864) Annals of Magazine of Natural History serie 3, 13: page 465.
^ Greke K. (2011). "Species of Ditropopsis E.A.Smith, 1897 (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoridae) from the Papuan region". pp. 69-76. In: Telnov D. Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea. Volume I., The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga, 526 pp.

[1] Gordon MS, Olson EC (1995) Invasions of the Land: The Transitions of Organisms from Aquatic to Terrestrial Life. Columbia University Press, New York, 312 pp

[Wenz-2] Template:De icon Wenz W. (1938-1944) Teil 1: Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia. In: Schindewolf O. H. (ed.) Handbuch der Paläozoologie, Band 6, Gastropoda, Verlag Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin, xii + 1639 pp.

[3] Lee YC, Lue KY, Wu WL (2008) Molecular evidence for a polyphyletic genus Japonia (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoridae) and with the description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa 1792: 22-38.

[4] Blanford W. T. (June 1864) Annals of Magazine of Natural History serie 3, 13: page 465.

[5] Greke K. (2011). "Species of Ditropopsis E.A.Smith, 1897 (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoridae) from the Papuan region". pp. 69-76. In: Telnov D. Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea. Volume I., The Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga, 526 pp.

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