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Donald Charles Baldwin

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Donald Charles Baldwin (born 20 April 1953) is a United States musician, arranger and composer who achieved significant commercial success with recordings he wrote, arranged and performed for Motown Records and Invictus/Hot Wax Records from 1970 to 1980. Notable work includes his recordings with many widely known musical acts including: Temptations, Commodores, Bonnie Pointer, Chairmen of the Board, Lionel Richie, Freda Payne, Smokey Robinson and members of Funkadelic, as well as record producers Holland-Dozier-Holland and Jeffrey Bowen.

Early life

Multi-instrumentalist, arranger, performer and composer, Donald Charles Baldwin was born and raised in Detroit, Michigan. During his school years, Baldwin learned to play the clarinet, bass clarinet, saxophone, oboe, English horn and bassoon, while studying composition. After writing his first Concerto for Strings and Horns in 1969, Donald formed a contemporary style band, Jasmine, in which he composed the music, played the piano and sang. Jasmine performed locally in and around the Detroit area, including performances held at Wayne State University as part of the nationwide Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam.

Career

Jasmine was discovered by Jeffrey Bowen, the Vice-President of Holland-Dozier-Holland's Invictus/Hot Wax records. Like H-D-H, Bowen had been with Motown Records in the mid-1960s where he was an assistant to A&R chief Mickey Stevenson, the co-producer of the Temptations’ 1967 LP In a Mellow Mood (#1 R&B, #13 Pop)[1] and the co-writer of “You” a 1968 hit for Marvin Gaye (#7 R&B, #34 Pop).[2] Not long after the legendary H-D-H team left Motown, they were joined by Bowen at their new company. Bowen discovered Jasmine through the drummer's father, the Detroit Symphony's 1st violinist - Felix Resnick, who at the time contracted and lead many of string sessions for Motown and Invictus. Bowen was impressed enough by Baldwin’s band to arrange for Jasmine to rehearse with Ruth Copeland, a British singer/songwriter who was signed to Invictus. In June 1970, Donald and Ruth co-wrote “The Medal”,[3] the opening cut from Copeland’s second Invictus LP, I Am What I Am,[4] a recording that features Ruth, backed by the members of Funkadelic along with guitarist Ray Monette of Rare Earth. Within a few months, Donald Baldwin signed a contract with Invictus Records and Gold Forever Music as an Artist-Songwriter-Arranger.

After several rehearsals, the original members of Funkadelic (Billy Bass Nelson, Eddie Hazel and Tiki Fulwood), along with current band member Bernie Worrell and future Funkadelic Ron Bykowski, began to gradually replace all of the members of Donald's band, Jasmine, except for Donald Baldwin. Soon after, this lineup started touring as Ruth Copeland’s band. Funkadelic, were also backing up Parliament, another Invictus act at the time. In between Ruth's tour dates, Donald and the rest of the band would back up other Invictus acts, locally, such as 100 Proof Aged in Soul, The Jones Girls and Honey Cone. In late 1970, the group began backing Ruth exclusively, as they became the opening act for Sly and the Family Stone throughout 1971-1972,[5] including a couple of gigs at Madison Square Garden and a couple of others where Sly pulled his infamous no-show act.

In 1972, Baldwin wrote and conducted the rhythm, string, and horn arrangements for three tracks produced by Holland-Dozier-Holland on Freda Payne for her Reaching Out LP.[6] One of the three, "Mother Misery's Favorite Child", was included on the Invictus Club Classics Vol II compilation CD; While another, “Two Wrongs Don’t Make a Right”, became a minor R&B hit in the summer of 1973, peaking at #75.[7] During the 2nd half of 1972, Ruth & her band opened several shows for Three Dog Night, as well as David Bowie, on the US leg of his Ziggy Stardust Tour, including the tour's initial gig in Cleveland[8] and a well publicized show at Carnegie Hall in NYC.[9] It was around this time that Ruth Copeland split from her manager Jeffrey Bowen and began working with a new manager Jeffrey Tofler. Soon after, Ruth & Co were once again opening gigs for Sly & the Family Stone. However, this new arrangement was quickly shut down, promptly Ruth to leave Invictus. Copeland eventually signed with RCA Records, working on material for a new album with Darryl Hall, once she had been released from her H-D-H contract. As a result, the band suddenly found themselves recording and touring with the Chairman of the Board, another Holland-Dozier-Holland/Invictus act.

Late in 1972, Jeffrey Bowen began producing the Skin I'm In album [10] on the Chairmen of the Board in NYC, using Donald and the previously mentioned members of Funkadelic on the sessions. Often referred to as “the lost Funkadelic album”, Skin I’m In featured the hit-single “Finder’s Keepers" (#7 R&B, #59 Pop)[11] as well as the "Life 'n' Death suite" (which has been described as a magnum opus based around a Sly Stone Track).[12] Skin I'm In contained two Baldwin co-writes: “Morning Glory-White Rose" [13] (co-written with Billy Bass Nelson and comprising two parts of the Life 'n' Death suite) and “Live With Me Love With Me” (co-written with Jeffrey Bowen & General Johnson).[14] In the fall of ‘73, the band (Donald, Bernie, Billy, Eddie and Tiki) toured England with the Chairmen of the Board, where they received a heroes welcome. By the time the group left the UK, “Finders Keepers” was England’s #1 hit.

In 1974, Donald was signed to Motown Records and Jobete/Stone Diamond Music as an Artist, Songwriter, Composer, and Arranger. While in transition between HDH and Motown, Donald and Jeffery Bowen, as ghost writers, co-wrote and arranged “I Feel Sanctified” for the Commodores debut album, Machine Gun. The recording, which featured Billy Bass Nelson and Eddie Hazel on bass and guitar respectively, became a significant R&B hit (#12 R&B, #75 Pop)[15] in late ‘74. As credited writers, producers and arrangers, this team of Bowen & Baldwin had its first gold and platinum success with The Temptations album A Song For You (Jan '75).[16] Often credited with updating the Temptations Norman Whitfield sound, this #1 R&B LP (#13 Pop)[17] featured Baldwin, as well as Funkadelics Nelson & Hazel[18] as its musicians. The lead off single, “Happy People” (co-written by Donald Baldwin-Jeffery Bowen-Lionel Richie),[19] reached #1 on the R&B charts on February 8, 1975,[20] and was the first of three Top-40 pop hits culled from the LP. “Shakey Ground” (written by Eddie Hazel-Al Boyd-Jeffrey Bowen) became the album’s second single to reach #1 on the R&B chart (April 26, 1975)[21] and featured a soprano sax solo by Donald Baldwin. “Glasshouse” became the album’s third Top-10 R&B single,[22] as well as a Top-10 hit on the Disco/Dance chart.[23] In addition to co-writing “Happy People”, Donald co-wrote the quiet storm classic “Memories”[24] with Bowen & Kathy Wakefield, a song which features a standout lead vocal by Dennis Edwards.

Donald Baldwin contributed his talents to a variety of tracks produced by Jeffrey Bowen on several Motown artists for albums recorded and released between 1974–1980. These albums, for which Donald shared writers and/or performance/arranger credits were: Wings of Love [25] by the Temptations (#3 R&B, #29 Pop);[26] Rose Banks' (aka Rose Stone: Sly’s sis & ex-Family Stone member) eponymous solo debut; Deep in My Soul by Smokey Robinson (#16 R&B, #47 Pop);[27] as well as two self-titled albums by Bonnie Pointer[28](formerly of the Pointer Sisters): Her 1978 solo debut (#34 R&B, #96 Pop)[29] as well as her 1979 sophomore effort (#40 R&B, #63 Pop).[30] During this time, Donald Baldwin’s co-writing credits included the following: “Mary Ann”, “Dream World” & “Paradise” (all three written by Donald Baldwin-Jeffrey Bowen-Jimmy Ford);[31] from the Temptations Wings of Love LP (March 1976); “You Cannot Laugh Alone” (another “quiet storm” classic) & “If You Want My Love” (both written by Baldwin-Bowen);[32] featured on Smokey Robinson's Deep in My Soul LP (January 1977); “I Love to Sing to You”, “I Wanna Make it in Your World”, “More and More” & “My Everything” (all four by Baldwin-Bowen);[33] from Bonnie Pointer's "Red" LP (October 1978); And one from Bonnie Pointer's "Purple" LP (November 1979) titled “Deep Inside My Soul” (by Donald Baldwin-Bonnie Pointer).[34][35]

While with Motown, Donald worked on a number of unreleased recordings produced by Bowen on Marvin Gaye, Rose Banks, Jermaine Jackson, Diana Ross, Bonnie Pointer and Cuba Gooding Sr (formerly of the Main Ingredient). The material intended for Marvin Gaye featured Donald along with Billy Bass Nelson, Eddie Hazel, Bernie Worrell & drummer Ollie Brown. Donald left Motown around 1980, when his contract with the label expired.

As an independent artist, Donald wrote and performed in numerous local bands throughout the Los Angeles area from 1981–1997. During this time, a third Bonnie Pointer album titled If The Price Is Right, (released in mid-1984 on the Private I label) featured a new composition by Donald and Bonnie Pointer titled “There’s Nobody Quite Like You”.[36] A song titled “Xanadu II”, originally written in 1976 by Donald and Emmy nominated Frankie Blue, was used in 2001 as incidental background music in one of the episodes for the ”The Huntress”, a syndicated TV show (USA Network), that starred Annette O'Toole. Donald remains musically active working on a variety of projects including studio work by the Baldwin/Larsen Project and live work with the reggae legend Ras Michael and the Sons of Negus. Most recently, Baldwin worked with Tony Newton, the renowned live and session bassist with Motown and founding member of the HDH/Invictus group 8th Day, on a DVD profiling Newton’s musical career.

References

  1. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1999) Top R&B Albums 1965-1998
  2. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996) Top R&B Singles 1942-1995
  3. ^ BMI Repertoire: Songwriter/Composer: Baldwin, Donald C CAE/IPI#86581050
  4. ^ Liner notes to Ruth Copeland featuring Parliament's Self Portrait/I Am What I Am CD by Howard Priestly (1997)
  5. ^ Rolling Stone Dec 23, 1971 - Ruth Copeland by Timothy Ferres
  6. ^ Album jacket credits for Freda Payne’s Reaching Out LP (1973),
  7. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996) Top R&B Singles 1942-1995
  8. ^ Fusion Magazine; January 1973 - David Bowie Gimme Your Hands by Tim Jurgens
  9. ^ Time Magazine 7 Oct 1972 Ziggy Stardust Outshines Bolan by Linda Solomon
  10. ^ Liner notes to the Chairmen of the Board’s Bittersweet and Skin I’m In CD by Howard Priestly (1998)
  11. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996) Top R&B Singles 1942–1995
  12. ^ Liner Notes to Invictus Club Classics CD by Dean Rudland (July 1999)
  13. ^ Repertoire: Songwriter/Composer: Baldwin, Donald C CAE/IPI#86581050
  14. ^ BMI Repertoire: Songwriter/Composer: Baldwin, Donald C CAE/IPI#86581050
  15. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996) Top R&B Singles 1942–1995
  16. ^ Liner notes to The Temptations A Song for You(1975)
  17. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1999) Top R&B Albums 1965–1998
  18. ^ Soul Magazine June 9, 1975 by Archie Ivy
  19. ^ BMI Repertoire: Songwriter/Composer: Baldwin, Donald C CAE/IPI#86581050
  20. ^ Bronson, Fred & White, Adam (1993) The Billboard Book of Number One Rhythm & Blues Hits: Page 155
  21. ^ Bronson, Fred & White, Adam (1993) The Billboard Book of Number One Rhythm & Blues Hits: Page 162-163
  22. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996) Top R&B Singles 1942-1995
  23. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004) Hot Dance/Disco 1974–2003
  24. ^ Repertoire: Songwriter/Composer: Baldwin, Donald C CAE/IPI#86581050
  25. ^ Album jacket credits for Temptations Wings of Love LP (1976)
  26. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1999) Top R&B Albums 1965-1998
  27. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1999) Top R&B Albums 1965-1998
  28. ^ Liner notes to Bonnie Pointer’s eponymous debut LP (1978) M7-911R1
  29. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1999) Top R&B Albums 1965-1998
  30. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1999) Top R&B Albums 1965-1998
  31. ^ BMI Repertoire: Songwriter/Composer: Baldwin, Donald C CAE/IPI#86581050
  32. ^ BMI Repertoire: Songwriter/Composer: Baldwin, Donald C CAE/IPI#86581050
  33. ^ BMI Repertoire: Songwriter/Composer: Baldwin, Donald C CAE/IPI#86581050
  34. ^ BMIRepertoire: Songwriter/Composer: Baldwin, Donald C CAE/IPI#86581050
  35. ^ Liner notes to Bonnie Pointer’s sophomore LP (1979) M7-929R1
  36. ^ BMI Repertoire: Songwriter/Composer: Baldwin, Donald C CAE/IPI#86581050
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