Clausiliidae
Clausiliidae | |
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Cochlodina laminata | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Order: | Stylommatophora |
Suborder: | Helicina |
Infraorder: | Clausilioidei |
Superfamily: | Clausilioidea |
Family: | Clausiliidae J. E. Gray, 1855[1] |
Type genus | |
Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805
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Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.[2]
With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species,[2] this is among the most diverse families of terrestrial gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae), although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae is larger.
Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium, which enables the snail to close off the aperture of the shell with a sliding "door".
Shell description
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Megalophaedusa_martensi_02.jpg/220px-Megalophaedusa_martensi_02.jpg)
Almost all the species of snails in the family of door snails are left-handed, which is an uncommon feature in gastropod shells in general.
These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired, with numerous whorls.
The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The aperture usually has visible folds.
The clausilium
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Clausilia_dubia_clausilium.jpg/220px-Clausilia_dubia_clausilium.jpg)
Clausiliids are also very unusual among pulmonate gastropods in that most of them have a "door" or clausilium. The clausilium is not the same thing as an operculum, which does not exist at all in pulmonate gastropods.
The clausilium is a calcareous structure, tongue-shaped or spoon-shaped, which can close the aperture of the snail shell to protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in the grooves that are formed by the folds on the inside of the shell.
Anatomy
[edit]In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).[3]
Taxonomy
[edit]The type genus is Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805.
The family Clausiliidae is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[4]
2005 taxonomy
[edit]The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 recognizes subfamilies as follows:
subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855
- tribe Baleini (previously the subfamily Baleinae A. J. Wagner, 1913) - synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999
- tribe Clausiliini Gray, 1855 - synonym: Fusulinae Lindholm, 1924
- tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979
subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913
- tribe Alopiini A. J. Wagner, 1913
- tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) - synonym: Marpessinae Wenz, 1923
- tribe Delimini Brandt, 1956 - synonym: Papilliferini Brandt, 1961 (n.a.)
- tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
- tribe Montenegrinini H. Nordsieck, 1972
subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981[5]
subfamily Garnieriinae C. Boettger, 1926
- tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926
- tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002
subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978
subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923
subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924
- tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Euxininae I. M. Likharev, 1962
- tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979
- tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979
- tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002
- tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979
- tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002
- tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994
- tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994
subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 - Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930
subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922
- † tribe Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014
- tribe Megalophaedusini Zilch, 1954 - synonym: Zaptyxini Zilch, 1954
- † tribe Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007
- tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922
- † tribe Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007
- tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927
- tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007
subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927
Genera
[edit]Genera include:
Clausiliinae
[edit]Tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979
- Acrotoma O. Boettger, 1881 - with four subgenera: Acrotoma, Acrotomina H. Nordsieck, 1977; Bzybia H. Nordsieck, 1977 and Castelliana Suvorov, 2002
- Akramowskia H. Nordsieck, 1975
- Armenica O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Armenica and Astrogena Szekeres, 1970
- Inobseratella Lindholm, 1924
- Phrygica H. Nordsieck, 1994
- Roseniella Thiele, 1931 - with two subgenera: Chavchetia Neubert, 1992 and Roseniella
- Scrobifera O. Boettger, 1877
- Sprattia O. Boettger, 1883
tribe Baleini
- Alinda H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Alinda and Pseudalinda O. Boettger, 1877
- Balea J. E. Gray, 1824
- Bulgarica O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera Bulgarica, Pavlovicia H. Nordsieck, 1973 and Strigilecula Kennard & Woodward, 1923
- Lacinaria Hartmann, 1842
- Likharevia H. Nordsieck, 1975
- Mentissa H. & A.Adams, 1855
- Mentissella H. Nordsieck, 1973
- Micropontica O. Boettger, 1881 - with two subgenera: Baleopsina Lindholm, 1924 and Micropontica
- Mucronaria O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Index O. Boettger, 1877 and Mucronaria
- Quadriplicata O. Boettger, 1878
- Strigillaria Vest, 1867
- Vestia Hesse, 1916 - with three subgenera: Brabenecia H. Nordsieck, 1974; Vestia and Vestiella H. Nordsieck, 1877
Tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979
- Boettgeria O. Boettger, 1863 - with two subgenera: Boettgeriaand Loosjesiella Neubert & Groh, 1998
- Macroptychia O. Boettger, 1877
- Sabaeola Lindholm, 1925
tribe Clausiliini
- † Canalicia O. Boettger, 1863
- Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805[8] - with two subgenera: Clausilia and Strobeliella H. Nordsieck, 1977[9]
- Erjavecia Brusina, 1870[9]
- Erjaveciella H. Nordsieck, 1977
- Fusulus Fitzinger, 1833 - with two subgenera: Erjaveciella H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Fusulus[9]
- † Hollabrunnella H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Julica H. Nordsieck, 1963[9]
- Macrogastra Hartmann, 1841 - with three subgenera: Macrogastra, Pseudovestia H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Pyrostoma Vest, 1867[9]
- Micridyla H. Nordsieck, 1973[9]
- † Parafusulus H. Nordsieck, 2007
- † Pliodiptychia H. Nordsieck, 1978
- Pseudidyla O. Boettger, 1877
- Pseudofusulus H. Nordsieck, 1977 - has the only one species: Pseudofusulus varians[9]
- Ruthenica Lindholm, 1924[9]
- † Trolliella H. Nordsieck, 1981
Tribe † Emarginariini H. Nordsieck, 2007
- † Emarginaria O. Boettger, 1877
Tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002
- Euxinella H. Nordsieck, 1973
Tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979
- Filosa O. Boettger, 1877
- Idyla H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Idyla and Strigilidyla H. Nordsieck, 1994
tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979
- Graciliaria Bielz, 1867[10]
- † Truciella H. Nordsieck, 1978
Tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924
- Elia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with four subgenera: Acroeuxina O. Boettger, 1877; Caucasica O. Boettger, 1877; Elia and Megaleuxina O. Boettger, 1877
- Euxina O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Euxina and Illunellaria Lindholm, 1924
- Euxinastra O. Boettger, 1888 - with two subgenera: Euxinastra and Odonteuxina H. Nordsieck, 1875
- Galeata O. Boettger, 1877
- Mentissoidea O. Boettger, 1877
Tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002
- Olympicola Hesse, 1916
- † Scrobiferoides Neubert, 1996
Tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994
- Bitorquata O. Boettger, 1877
- Blaeneuxina Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2020
- Strigileuxina H. Nordsieck, 1975
- Sumelia H. Nordsieck, 1994
Tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994
- Strumosa O. Boettger, 1877
Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913
[edit]Alopiinae[11]
- † Dextrospira Hrubesch, 1965
tribe Alopiini
- Alopia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Alopia and Kimakowiczia Szekeres, 1969
- Herilla H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Montenegrina O. Boettger, 1877
- Protoherilla A. J. Wagner, 1921
- † Protriloba H. Nordsieck, 2014
- Triloba Vest, 1867
tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923)
- Cochlodina A. Férussac, 1821 - with four subgenera: Cochlodina; Cochlodinastra H. Nordsieck, 1977; Paracochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969; Procochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969
- Macedonica O. Boettger, 1877
tribe Delimini R. Brandt, 1956
- Barcania Brandt, 1956
- Charpentieria Stabille, 1864 - with subgenera: Charpentieria
- Delima Hartmann, 1842 - with four subgenera: Delima; Dugiana Stamol & Slapnik, 2002; Piceata O. Boettger, 1877 and Semirugata O. Boettger, 1877
- Dilataria Vest, 1867
- Gibbularia Cecconi, 1908
- Mauritanica O. Boettger, 1879
- Papillifera Hartmann, 1842
- Sicania Tomlin, 1929
- Stigmatica O. Boettger, 1877
tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
- Agathylla H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Agathylla and Agathyllina H. Nordsieck, 1969
- Albinaria Vest, 1867 - also includes former genusSericata O. Boettger, 1878.
- Carinigera Möllendorff, 1873
- Cristataria Vest, 1867
- Inchoatia Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006[12]
- Isabellaria Vest, 1867
- Lampedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera Imitatrix Westerlund, 1884 and Lampedusa
- Leucostigma A. J. Wagner, 1919
- Medora H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Muticaria Lindholm, 1925
- Strigilodelima A. J. Wagner, 1924
- Vallatia E. Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006
Constrictinae
[edit]Fossil subfamily Constrictinae contains genera:
- † Constricta O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily[4]
- † Regiclausilia H. Nordsieck, 1981
Eualopiinae
[edit]Fossil subfamily Eualopiinae contains genera:
- † Ambiguella H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Formosana O. Boettger, 1877
Tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978
- † Eualopia O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily[4]
- † Monoptychia H. Nordsieck, 1972
Tribe † Rillyini † H. Nordsieck, 1985
- † Neniopsilla H. Nordsieck, 2020
- † Neniopsis Wenz, 1920
- † Omanillya H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016
- † Pararillya H. Nordsieck, 2002
- † Proalbinaria O. Boettger in Oppenheim, 189
- † Rillya Munier-Chalmas [in P. Fischer], 1883 - type genus of the tribe[4]
- † Neniopsilla H. Nordsieck, 2020
- † Neniopsis Wenz, 1920
- † Omanillya H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016
- † Pararillya H. Nordsieck, 2002
- † Proalbinaria O. Boettger in Oppenheim, 1895
Garnieriinae
[edit]- tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926
- Garnieria Bourguignat, 1877
- tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002
- Euryauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Grandinenia Minato & Chen, 1984
- Indonenia Ehrmann, 1927
- Megalauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Tropidauchenia Lindholm, 1924 -
Laminiferinae
[edit]- Bofilliella Ehrmann, 1927
- Neniatlanta Bouguignat, 1876
- Margaritiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
- Minatoia Hunyadi & Szekeres, 2016
Tribe Laminiferini Wenz, 1923
- † Baboria Cossmann, 1898
- † Laminifera O. Boettger, 1863 - the type genus of the family Laminiferinae.[4] Its type species is fossil.[4]
- † Laminiplica H. Nordsieck, 1978
- † Omanifera H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016
Tribe † Oospiroidesini H. Nordsieck, 2007
- † Oospiroides Wenz, 1920
Tribe † Polloneriini H. Nordsieck, 2007
- † Polloneria Sacco, 1886
Mentissoideinae
[edit]synonym of the tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 (superseded classification)
Neniinae Wenz, 1923
[edit]Tribe Neniini Wenz, 1923
- Gonionenia Pilsbry, 1926
- Nenia H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Neniops Pilsbry, 1926[13]
- Paranenia Rehder, 1939
Peruiniinae H. Nordsieck, 2005
[edit]- Andinia Polinski, 1922
- Audiniastra H. Nordsieck, 2005
- Andiniella Weyrauch, 1958
- Bequaertinenia Weyrauch, 1964 - with two subgenera: Bequaertinenia and Miranenia Grego & Szekeres, 2004
- Brevinenia Neubert & H. Nordsieck, 2005
- Columbinia Polinski, 1924 - with subgenera: Columbinia and Steatonenia Pilsbry, 1926
- Cyclonenia H. Nordsieck, 1999
- Cylindronenia Ehrmann in Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Cylindronenia and Cylindroneniella H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Ehrmanniella Zilch, 1949
- Gracilinenia Polinski, 1922
- Hemicena Pilsbry, 1949
- Incaglaia Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Gibbonenia Zilch, 1954 and Incaglaia
- Incania Polinski, 1922
- Leuconenia H. Nordsieck, 2005
- Neniaptyx H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Neniatracta Pilsbry, 1926
- Neniella Grego & Sekeres, 2004
- Parabalea Ancey, 1882
- Peruinia Polinski, 1922
- Pfeifferiella Weyrauch, 1957
- Pseudogracilinenia Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1984
- Steeriana Jousseaume, 1900
- Symptychiella H. Nordsieck, 1999 - with two subgenera: Divnenia H. Nordsieck, 2005 and Symptychiella
- Temesa H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Zilchiella Weyrauch, 1957
Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922
[edit]- Selenophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
- Siciliaria Vest, 1867
Tribe † Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014
- † Disjunctaria O. Boettger, 1877
Tribe † Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007
- † Nordsieckia Truc, 1972
- † Serruluna H. Nordsieck, 1981
tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922
- Acanthophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Atractophaedusa Ehrmann, 1927
- Bacillophaedusa Grego & Szekeres, 2011
- Bathyptychia Lindholm, 1925 - with three subgenera: Bathyptychia; Brachyptychia H. Nordsieck, 2001 and Strictiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
- Castanophaedusa Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017
- Celsiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
- Changphaedusa Motochin & Ueshima, 2017
- Cylindrophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera: Cylindrophaedusa and Montiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
- Dautzenbergiella Lindholm, 1924 - with two subgenera: Dautzenbergiella and Mansuyiella H. Nordsieck, 2003
- Euphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with subgenera: Dentiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003; Euphaedusa; and Telophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003
- Fuchsiana Gredler, 1887
- Hemiphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with subgenera: Dendrophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002; Hemiphaedusa; Hemiphaedusoides H. Nordsieck, 2001; Hemizaptyx Pilsbry, 1905; Labyrinthiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; ; Pinguiphaedusa Azuma, 1982; Placeophaedusa Minato, 1994)
- Juttingia Loosjes, 1965 - with two subgenera: Juttingia and Pseudohemiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
- Liparophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
- Loosjesia H. Nordsieck, 2002
- Luchuphaedusa Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Luchuphaedusa and Nesiophaedusa Pilsbry, 1905
- Macrophaedusa Moellendorff, 1883
- Macrophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 2001
- Megalophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with four subgenera: Megalophaedusa; Mesophaedusa Ehrmann, 1929; Mesozaptyx Kuroda, 1963 and Mundiphaedusa Minato, 1979. (Neophaedusa is a synonym of Megalophaedusa).[14]
- Messageriella Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017
- Miraphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2005
- Musaphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2018
- Nannophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2012
- Notoptychia Ehrmann, 1927
- Oospira Blanford, 1872[15] - with subgenera Formosanella H. Nordsieck, 2003; Oospira; Paraformosella H. Nordsieck, 2003 and Siphonophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
- Papilliphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003
- Paraphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
- Phaedusa H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with subgenera: Metaphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Phaedusa; Pseudophaedusa Tomiyama, 1984
- Probosciphaedusa Z.-Y. Chen, 2021
- Reinia Kobelt, 1876 - with three subgenera: Parareinia H. Nordsieck, 1998; Pictophaedusa Azuma, 1982 and Reinia
- Serriphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
- Sinigena Lindholm, 1925
- Solitariphaedusa Motochin & Ueshima, 2017
- Stereophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
- Streptodera Lindholm, 1925
- Tauphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003
- Tosaphaedusa Ehrmann, 1929
- Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Prozaptyx Loosjes, 1950 and Zaptyx
Tribe † Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007
- † Serrulastra H. Nordsieck, 1981
- † Serrulella H. Nordsieck, 1978
Tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927
- Caspiophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
- Cotyorica Grego & Szekeres, 2017
- Dobatia H. Nordsieck, 1973
- † Euxinophaedusa Likharev, 1962
- Graecophaedusa Rähle, 1982
- Laeviphaedusa Likharev & Stelkov, 1965
- Microphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1978
- Nothoserrulina Németh & Szekeres, 1995
- Pamphylica Németh & Szekeres, 1995
- Pontophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
- Pontophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 1994
- Pravispira Lindholm, 1924
- Sciocochlea C. Boettger, 1935
- Serrulina Mousson, 1873
- Truncatophaedusa Majoros, Németh & Szili-Kovács 1994
- Tsoukatosia Gittenberger, 2000 - with two subgenera: Agiosspeleikos A. & P. Reischütz, 2003 and Tsoukatosia
Tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Excussispira Lindholm, 1925
- Synprosphyma A. J. Wagner, 1920
Synonyms
[edit]- Diceratoptyx Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900 (junior synonym)
- Heterozaptyx Pilsbry, 1906: synonym of Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900 (junior synonym)
- Kazancia Neubert, 1992 : synonym of [[]] Lindholm, 1924 (junior synonym)
- Leptacme Ehrmann, 1927:[15] synonym of Oospira (Leptocochlea) Grego & Szekeres, 2011 represented as Oospira W. T. Blanford, 1872
- Lindholmiella Ehrmann, 1927: synonym of Oospira (Lindholmiella) Ehrmann, 1927 represented as Oospira W. T. Blanford, 1872
- Metazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905synonym of Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
- Neniauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2002: synonym of Grandinenia Minato & D.-N. Chen, 1984
- Neostyriaca A. J. Wagner, 1920:[9] synonym of Clausilia (Neostyriaca) A. J. Wagner, 1920 represented as Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805
- Oligozaptx Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of Zaptyx (Stereozaptyx) Pilsbry, 1905 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
- Parazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of Zaptyx (Parazaptyx) Pilsbry, 1905 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
- Pliciphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1998: synonym of Stereophaedusa (Pliciphaedusa) H. Nordsieck, 1998 represented as Stereophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
- Pulchraptyx Minato, 1981: synonym of Zaptyx (Pulchraptyx) Minato, 1981 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
- Renschiphaedusa Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1973: synonym of Phaedusa H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
- Selenoptyx Pilsbry, 1908: synonym of Zaptyx (Selenoptyx) Pilsbry, 1908 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
- Serrulinella H. Nordsieck, 1984: synonym of Serrulina (Serrulinella) H. Nordsieck, 1984 represented as Serrulina Mousson, 1873 (unaccepted rank)
- Stereozaptyx Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of Zaptyx (Stereozaptyx) Pilsbry, 1905 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
- Thaumatoptyx Pilsbry, 1908: synonym of Zaptyx (Thaumatoptyx) Pilsbry, 1908 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
- Tyrannophaedusa Pilsbry, 1901: synonym of Megalophaedusa (Tyrannophaedusa) Pilsbry, 1900 represented as Megalophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
- Tyrannozaptyx Käufel, 1930: synonym of Zaptyx (Tyrannozaptyx) Käufel, 1930 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
- Zaptychopsis Ehrmann, 1927: synonym of Zaptyx (Zaptychopsis) Ehrmann, 1927 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
Conservation
[edit]Although non-marine molluscs appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to extinction,[16] the IUCN Red list listed only 9 species[17] from this family.
References
[edit]- ^ J. E. Gray. April 14, 1855. Catalogue of Pulmonata or air-breathing Mollusca in the collection of the British Museum, Part I: 156.
- ^ a b MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Clausiliidae L. Pfeiffer & J. E. Gray, 1855. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833936 on 2023-04-11
- ^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
- ^ a b c d e f Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
- ^ Nordsieck H. (1981). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 111(1-3): 101.
- ^ Nordsieck H. (1978). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 109(1-3): 104.
- ^ Nordsieck H. (1985). Heldia 1(3): 83.
- ^ Rodrigo B. Salvador; Abraham S.H. Breure (2020). "Type material of Clausiliidae door snails from Philippe Dautzenberg in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. 31. Te Papa: 56–69. ISSN 1173-4337. Wikidata Q106839645.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Clausiliini". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 27 April 2011.
- ^ "Graciliaria". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 27 April 2011.
- ^ Uit de Weerd D. R. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic history of eastern Mediterranean Alopiinae, a group of morphologically indeterminate land snails". Doctoral thesis, Leiden University, ISBN 90-6464-874-3.
- ^ Gittenberger E. & Uit de Weerd D. R. (2009). "Summarizing data on the Inchoatia taxa, including Inchoatia megdova bruggeni subspec. nov. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Clausiliidae)" Zoologische Mededelingen 83 http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a08 Archived 16 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rodrigo B. Salvador; Alina Wahab; Nicole E. Phillips; Abraham S.H. Breure (2021). "South American and Trinidadian terrestrial Gastropoda in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. 32. Te Papa: 64–80. ISSN 1173-4337. Wikidata Q116264204.
- ^ cf. Nordsieck H. (2006). "Species list of recent Clausiliidae".
- ^ a b Maassen W. J. M. & Gittenberger E. (2007). "Three new clausiliid land snails from Tonkin, northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)". Zoologische Mededelingen 81(1): http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/81/nr01/a10 Archived 7 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lydeard, C.; Cowie R.; Ponder, W.F.; et al. (April 2004). "The global decline of nonmarine mollusks". BioScience. 54 (4): 321–330. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0321:TGDONM]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 5 March 2010.
Further reading
[edit]- Maltz T. K. & Sulikowska-Drozd A. (2008) "Life Cycles of Clausiliids of Poland — Knowns and Unknowns". Annales Zoologici 58(4): 857-880. doi:10.3161/000345408X396783.
- Nordsieck H. (2007). Worldwide Door Snails. ConchBooks, 213 pp. ISBN 978-3-939767-07-7.
- Uit de Weerd D. R. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic history of eastern Mediterranean Alopiinae, a group of morphologically indeterminate land snails". Doctoral thesis, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Leiden University. HTM, PDF.
- Uit de Weerd D. R., Piel W. H. & Gittenberger E. (2004). "Widespread polyphyly among Alopiinae snail genera: when phylogeny mirrors biogeography more closely than morphology". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33(3): 533-548. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.010
- Páll-Gergely B. & Szekeres M. , 2017. New and little-known Clausiliidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from Laos and southern Vietnam. Journal of Conchology 42(6): 507-519
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Nordsieck H. (2005–2007). www.clausilia.de at Internet Archive.
- Nordsieck H.: http://www.hnords.de: Internet journal for the malacology of landsnails (with special regard to Clausiliidae).
- BioLib info