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Draft:Siena College First Ladies Study

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The Siena College First Ladies Study is a study that has been conducted on six separate occasions< by the Siena College Research Institute to measure expert assessments of the first ladies of the United States.

The study asks historians, political scientists, and political scholars to assess the first ladies on ten criteria on a scale of one to five (with five being the highest score of excellence).[1]

Summary table of overall rankings

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 9 12 13 9 9 10
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 2 3 2 2 2 2
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson 18
3 Dolley Madison Madison 4 4 3 6 4 5
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 24 23 31 29 30 33
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 14 16 12 21 18 16
Emily Donelson Jackson 26
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren 36
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison 23
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 35 30 34 35 37 37
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 27 27 26 28 27 31
9 Sarah Polk Polk 22 20 10 26 23 23
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 33 33 35 34 35 38
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 28 31 29 32 32 32
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 38 34 38 38 39 39
Harriet Lane Buchanan 29
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 42 37 36 36 31 29
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 21 24 22 33 38 36
15 Julia Grant Grant 20 26 18 24 22 17
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 12 15 14 18 20 22
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 30 28 30 27 28 27
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur 25
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 13 22 23 20 26 26
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 34 29 25 30 29 30
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 40 32 32 31 34 34
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 10 14 9 11 13 13
22 Helen Taft Taft 19 25 21 22 25 24
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 16 21 19 13 19 19
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 7 10 11 10 14 12
25 Florence Harding Harding 41 35 37 37 36 35
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 17 19 17 17 21 25
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 11 13 16 14 17 18
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 1 1 1 1 1 1
29 Bess Truman Truman 15 11 20 16 16 20
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 31 17 27 19 24 21
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 8 7 4 3 3 4
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 3 6 7 5 7 7
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 36 18 33 25 33 28
34 Betty Ford Ford 6 9 8 7 8 6
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 5 5 6 8 10 9
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 39 36 27 15 15 15
37 Barbara Bush G. H.W. Bush 8 15 12 11 11
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 2 5 4 6 8
39 Laura Bush G. W. Bush 24 23 12 14
40 Michelle Obama Obama 5 3
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

Rankings on weighed criteria

[edit]

Accomplishments

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Accomplishments
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 17
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 3
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson
3 Dolley Madison Madison 7
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 32
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 16
Emily Donelson Jackson
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 38
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 28
9 Sarah Polk Polk 18
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 37
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 27
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 39
Harriet Lane Buchanan
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 35
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 34
15 Julia Grant Grant 22
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 19
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 25
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 23
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 26
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 33
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 14
22 Helen Taft Taft 20
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 13
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 10
25 Florence Harding Harding 30
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 24
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 14
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 1
29 Bess Truman Truman 31
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 29
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 5
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 6
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 36
34 Betty Ford Ford 8
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 9
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 21
37 Barbara Bush Bush, G. H.W. 11
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 4
39 Laura Bush

Bush, G. W.

15
40 Michelle Obama Obama 2
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

Background

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Background
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 8
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 1
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson
3 Dolley Madison Madison 6
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 31
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 11
Emily Donelson Jackson
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 36
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 29
9 Sarah Polk Polk 24
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 37
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 34
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 38
Harriet Lane Buchanan
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 13
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 39
15 Julia Grant Grant 18
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 23
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 30
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 26
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 33
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 32
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 10
22 Helen Taft Taft 22
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 21
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 17
25 Florence Harding Harding 35
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 25
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 16
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 2
29 Bess Truman Truman 28
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 20
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 4
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 7
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 27
34 Betty Ford Ford 12
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 14
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 19
37 Barbara Bush G. H.W. Bush 9
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 5
39 Laura Bush G. W. Bush 15
40 Michelle Obama Obama 3
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Being their "own woman"

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Being their "own woman"
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 13
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 1
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson
3 Dolley Madison Madison 6
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 32
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 17
Emily Donelson Jackson
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 38
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 28
9 Sarah Polk Polk 23
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 36
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 31
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 37
Harriet Lane Buchanan
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 12
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 35
15 Julia Grant Grant 19
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 22
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 26
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 27
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 30
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 34
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 14
22 Helen Taft Taft 21
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 15
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 10
25 Florence Harding Harding 29
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 25
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 16
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 2
29 Bess Truman Truman 24
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 33
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 7
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 9
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 39
34 Betty Ford Ford 5
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 8
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 20
37 Barbara Bush Bush, G. H.W. 11
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 4
39 Laura Bush Bush, G. W. 18
40 Michelle Obama Obama 3
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Courage

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Courage
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 8
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 2
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson 10
3 Dolley Madison Madison 6
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 30
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 16
Emily Donelson Jackson
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 38
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 32
9 Sarah Polk Polk 26
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 36
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 35
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 39
Harriet Lane Buchanan
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 13
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 37
15 Julia Grant Grant 15
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 27
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 22
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 31
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 33
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 28
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 14
22 Helen Taft Taft 23
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 20
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 11
25 Florence Harding Harding 34
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 29
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 21
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 1
29 Bess Truman Truman 24
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 25
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 3
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 9
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 17
34 Betty Ford Ford 5
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 8
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 18
37 Barbara Bush G. H.W. Bush 12
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 7
39 Laura Bush G. W. Bush 19
40 Michelle Obama Obama 4
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Integrity

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Integrity
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 8
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 1
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson
3 Dolley Madison Madison 7
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 28
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 15
Emily Donelson Jackson
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 32
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 37
9 Sarah Polk Polk 23
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 36
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 30
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 34
Harriet Lane Buchanan
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 33
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 35
15 Julia Grant Grant 19
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 17
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 26
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 25
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 29
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 31
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 13
22 Helen Taft Taft 24
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 22
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 27
25 Florence Harding Harding 38
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 18
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 16
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 2
29 Bess Truman Truman 12
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 14
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 10
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 6
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 20
34 Betty Ford Ford 5
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 4
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 39
37 Barbara Bush Bush, G. H.W. 11
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 21
39 Laura Bush Bush, G. W. 9
40 Michelle Obama Obama 3
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Leadership

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Leadership
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 12
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 2
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson
3 Dolley Madison Madison 5
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 32
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 20
Emily Donelson Jackson
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 35
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 28
9 Sarah Polk Polk 16
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 36
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 29
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 38
Harriet Lane Buchanan
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 39
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 34
15 Julia Grant Grant 22
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 18
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 25
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 23
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 23
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 33
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 13
22 Helen Taft Taft 21
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 14
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 10
25 Florence Harding Harding 31
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 24
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 17
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 1
29 Bess Truman Truman 30
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 26
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 8
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 7
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 37
34 Betty Ford Ford 6
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 9
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 19
37 Barbara Bush Bush, G. H.W. 11
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 4
39 Laura Bush Bush, G. W. 15
40 Michelle Obama Obama 3
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Public image

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Public image
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 6
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 5
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson
3 Dolley Madison Madison 4
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 33
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 25
Emily Donelson Jackson
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 36
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 29
9 Sarah Polk Polk 19
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 37
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 31
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 38
Harriet Lane Buchanan
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 39
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 35
15 Julia Grant Grant 18
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 21
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 24
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 17
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 30
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 32
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 12
22 Helen Taft Taft 27
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 23
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 22
25 Florence Harding Harding 34
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 16
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 28
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 2
29 Bess Truman Truman 20
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 13
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 1
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 8
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 26
34 Betty Ford Ford 7
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 10
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 14
37 Barbara Bush Bush, G. H.W. 9
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 15
39 Laura Bush Bush, G. W. 11
40 Michelle Obama Obama 3
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

White House stewardship

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

White House stewardship
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 16
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 6
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson
3 Dolley Madison Madison 2
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 28
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 23
Emily Donelson Jackson
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 37
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 32
9 Sarah Polk Polk 25
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 38
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 30
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 39
Harriet Lane Buchanan
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 33
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 36
15 Julia Grant Grant 19
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 17
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 31
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 27
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 29
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 35
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 7
22 Helen Taft Taft 27
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 18
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 13
25 Florence Harding Harding 34
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 24
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 20
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 4
29 Bess Truman Truman 21
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 15
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 1
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 5
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 22
34 Betty Ford Ford 12
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 8
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 11
37 Barbara Bush Bush, G. H.W. 10
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 14
39 Laura Bush Bush, G. W. 9
40 Michelle Obama Obama 3
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Value to the country

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Value to the country
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 7
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 1
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson
3 Dolley Madison Madison 5
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 33
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 17
Emily Donelson Jackson
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 37
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 32
9 Sarah Polk Polk 22
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 38
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 31
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 39
Harriet Lane Buchanan
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 30
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 36
15 Julia Grant Grant 15
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 24
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 27
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 23
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 29
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 35
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 13
22 Helen Taft Taft 26
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 20
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 12
25 Florence Harding Harding 34
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 25
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 18
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 2
29 Bess Truman Truman 19
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 16
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 3
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 6
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 28
34 Betty Ford Ford 9
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 10
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan

21

37 Barbara Bush Bush, G. H.W. 11
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 8
39 Laura Bush Bush, G. W. 14
40 Michelle Obama Obama 3
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Value to the president

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Value to the president
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020
1 Martha Washington Washington 5
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 1
Martha Jefferson Randolph Jefferson
3 Dolley Madison Madison 4
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 33
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 21
Emily Donelson Jackson
Sarah Jackson Jackson
Angelica Van Buren Van Buren
6 Anna Harrison W. H. Harrison
Jane Irwin Harrison W. H. Harrison
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 37
Priscilla Tyler Tyler
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 30
9 Sarah Polk Polk 20
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 38
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 31
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 39
Harriet Lane Buchanan
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 29
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 34
15 Julia Grant Grant 17
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 23
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 28
Mary Arthur McElroy Arthur
Rose Cleveland Cleveland
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 27
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 35
Mary Harrison McKee B. Harrison
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 32
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 16
22 Helen Taft Taft 24
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 18
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Wilson
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 12
25 Florence Harding Harding 36
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 26
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 22
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 2
29 Bess Truman Truman 15
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 19
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 6
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 10
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 25
34 Betty Ford Ford 11
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 7
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 8
37 Barbara Bush G. H.W. Bush 13
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 9
39 Laura Bush G. W. Bush 14
40 Michelle Obama Obama 3
41 Melania Trump Trump 40
42 Jill Biden Biden

10 (with 2 median); 9 (with 1 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 2 median); 9 (with 3 median); 10

Rankings and raw scores on criteria by survey

[edit]

1982

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

1993

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

2003

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

2008

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

2014

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

2020

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

2020
No.
[b]
First lady Pres. Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1 Martha Washington Washington 6 4.03 5 4.02 10 3.59
2 Abigail Adams J. Adams 2 4.26 5 4.03 1 4.43 2 4.18
3 Dolley Madison Madison 6 4.00 4 4.05 4 4.08 5 3.91
4 Elizabeth Monroe Monroe 33 2.93 33 3.03 33 3.01
5 Louisa Adams J. Q. Adams 25 3.10 21 3.26 16 3.22
7 Letitia Tyler Tyler 36 2.88 37 2.94 37 2.91
8 Julia Tyler Tyler 29 3.02 30 3.05 31 3.02
9 Sarah Polk Polk 19 3.16 20 3.28 23 3.16
10 Margaret Taylor Taylor 37 2.86 38 2.92 38 2.91
11 Abigail Fillmore Fillmore 31 2.98 31 3.04 32 3.01
12 Jane Pierce Pierce 38 2.80 39 2.78 39 2.85
13 Mary Todd Lincoln Lincoln 39 2.60 29 3.08 29 2.05
14 Eliza Johnson A. Johnson 35 2.88 34 3.02 36 2.93
15 Julia Grant Grant 18 3.18 17 3.42 17 3.22
16 Lucy Hayes Hayes 21 3.15 23 3.21 22 3.17
17 Lucretia Garfield Garfield 24 3.10 28 3.15 27 3.09
18 Frances Cleveland Cleveland 17 3.19 27 3.15 26 3.11
19 Caroline Harrison B. Harrison 30 3.01 35 3.01 30 3.03
20 Ida McKinley McKlinley 32 2.95 32 3.03 34 2.98
21 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 12 3.40 16 3.48 13 3.39
22 Helen Taft Taft 27 23.08 24 3.20 24 3.14
23 Ellen Wilson Wilson 23 3.10 18 3.31 19 3.20
24 Edith Wilson Wilson 22 3.40 12 3.77 12 3.41
25 Florence Harding Harding 34 2.88 36 2.95 35 2.95
26 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 16 3.22 26 3.18 25 3.13
27 Lou Hoover Hoover 28 3.05 22 3.24 18 3.21
28 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 1 4.32 2 4.24 2 4.26 1 4.22
29 Bess Truman Truman 20 3.16 15 3.52 20 3.18
30 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 13 3.37 19 3.28 21 3.17
31 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 3 4.13 1 4.30 6 3.96 4 3.93
32 Lady Bird Johnson L. B. Johnson 8 3.71 10 3.80 7 3.72
33 Pat Nixon Nixon 26 3.09 25 3.19 28 3.05
34 Betty Ford Ford 5 4.02 7 3.86 11 3.79 6 3.74
35 Rosalynn Carter Carter 10 3.66 7 3.96 3.66 9
36 Nancy Reagan Reagan 14 3.26 8 3.90 15 3.25
37 Barbara Bush G. H.W. Bush 9 3.71 13 3.75 11 3.49
38 Hillary Clinton Clinton 15 3.24 9 3.83 8 3.70
39 Laura Bush G. W. Bush 11 3.55 14 3.64 14 3.37
40 Michelle Obama Obama 4 4.10 3 4.21 3 4.21 3 4.11
41 Melania Trump Trump 40 2.41 40 2.58 40 2.31

Crosstabs of survey results for individual first ladies

[edit]

Martha Washington

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Martha Washington
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982 9
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Abigail Adams

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Abigail Adams
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Dolley Madison

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Dolley Madison
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Elizabeth Monroe

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Elizabeth Monroe
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Louisa Adams

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Louisa Adams
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Letitia Tyler

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Letitia Tyler
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Julia Tyler

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Julia Tyler
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Sarah Polk

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Sarah Polk
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Margaret Taylor

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Margaret Taylor
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Abigail Fillmore

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Abigail Fillmore
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Jane Pierce

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Jane Pierce
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Mary Todd Lincoln

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Mary Todd Lincoln
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Eliza Johnson

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Eliza Johnson
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Julia Grant

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Julia Grant
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Lucy Hayes

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Lucy Hayes
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Lucretia Garfield

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Lucretia Garfield
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Frances Cleveland

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Frances Clevlenad
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Caroline Harrison

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Caroline Harrison
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Ida McKlinley

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Ida McKinley
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Edith Roosevelt

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Edith Roosevelt
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Helen Taft

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Helen Taft
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Ellen Wilson

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Ellen Wilson
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Edith Wilson

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Edith Wilson
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
Overall
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
Mean score
1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Florence Harding

[edit]
Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

Florence Harding
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
Back–
ground
Being
their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
ship
Public
image
White
House
steward–
ship
Value
to the
country
Value
to the
president
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1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Grace Coolidge

[edit]
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Grace Coolidge
Year of
study
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their
"own
woman"
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1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Lou Hoover

[edit]
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Lou Hoover
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1982
1993
2003
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2014
2020

Eleanor Roosevelt

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Eleanor Roosevelt
Year of
study
Accompl–
ishments
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ground
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their
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woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
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1982 1
1993 1
2003 1
2008 1
2014 1
2020 1

Bess Truman

[edit]
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Bess Truman
Year of
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Accompl–
ishments
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ground
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their
"own
woman"
Courage Integrity Leader–
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1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Mamie Eisenhower

[edit]
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Mamie Eisenhower
Year of
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woman"
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1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Jacqueline Kennedy

[edit]
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Jacqueline Kennedy
Year of
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woman"
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1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Lady Bird Johnson

[edit]
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Lady Bird Johnson
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1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Pat Nixon

[edit]
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Pat Nixon
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1982
1993
2003
2008
2014
2020

Betty Ford

[edit]
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Betty Ford
Year of
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1982
1993
2003
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2020

Rosalynn Cater

[edit]
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Rosalynn Carter
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1982
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Nancy Reagan

[edit]
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Nancy Reagan
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Barbara Bush

[edit]
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Barbara Bush
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1993
2003
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2014
2020

Hillary Clinton

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Hillary Clinton
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1993
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Laura Bush

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name
Year of
study
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woman"
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2003
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2020

Michelle Obama

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Michelle Obama
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2014
2020

Top rankings on other descriptors (20th and 21st century first ladies)

[edit]

https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Appendix_B_20th_and_21st_Century_First_Ladies.pdf

In 2014 and 2020, the studies additionally asked scholars and historians to name their top-choice among 20th and 21st century first ladies for various descriptors.

Advanced women's issues

[edit]
No. First lady Presidency
2020
23 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 5
30 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 1
40 Betty Ford Ford 4
44 Hillary Clinton Clinton 2
46 Michelle Obama Obama 3

Created a lasting legacy

[edit]
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
2020
30 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 1
33 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 2
34 Lady Bird Johnson L. Johnson 5
40 Hillary Clinton Clinton 4
42 Michelle Obama Obama 3

Could have done more while in office

[edit]

Could imagine them serving as president

[edit]

This ranking assessing which first ladies scholars and historians could imagine having served as a president themselves.

The only first lady to have ever themselves sought election to the presidency was Hillary Clinton, who has been ranked first both times that this question has been survveyed.

No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
2020
30 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 3
33 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 4
34 Lady Bird Johnson Johnson 5
40 Hillary Clinton Clinton 1
42 Michelle Obama Obama 2

Effectively managed family life while in office

[edit]
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
2014
2020
23 Edith Roosevelt T. Roosevelt 3 2
24 Helen Taft Taft
25 Ellen Wilson Wilson
26 Edith Wilson Wilson
27 Florence Harding Harding 15**
28 Grace Coolidge Coolidge 12**
29 Lou Hoover Hoover
30 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 9**
31 Bess Truman Truman 6**
32 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower 12**
33 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 2 3
34 Lady Bird Johnson L. Johnson 9**
35 Pat Nixon Nixon 12**
36 Betty Ford Ford 11
37 Rosalynn Carter Carter 5 5
38 Nancy Reagan Reagan 15**
39 Barbara Bush G.H.W. Bush 6**
40 Hillary Clinton Clinton 6**
41 Laura Bush G.W. Bush 4 4
42 Michelle Obama Obama 1 1
43 Melania Trump Trump
44 Michelle Obama Trump

Greatest political asset

[edit]
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
2020
30 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 1
33 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 4
38 Nancy Reagan Reagan 5
40 Hillary Clinton Clinton 3
42 Michelle Obama Obama 2

Performed the greatest service to the country after leaving office

[edit]
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
2020
30 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 2
33 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 3
36 Betty Ford Ford 4
37 Rosalynn Carter Carter 5
42 Michelle Obama Obama 5

Strongest public communicator

[edit]
No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
2020
30 Eleanor Roosevelt F. Roosevelt 1
33 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy 4
34 Lady Bird Johnson Johnson 5
40 Hillary Clinton Clinton 3
42 Michelle Obama Obama 2


No.
[b]
First lady Presidency
2020
31 Bess Truman Truman
32 Mamie Eisenhower Eisenhower
33 Jacqueline Kennedy Kennedy
34 Lady Bird Johnson L. Johnson
35 Pat Nixon Nixon
36 Betty Ford Ford
37 Rosalynn Carter Carter
38 Nancy Reagan Reagan
39 Barbara Bush G.H.W. Bush
40 Hillary Clinton Clinton
41 Laura Bush G.W. Bush
42 Michelle Obama Obama
43 Melania Trump Trump

Ranking of initiatives of 20th and 21st century first ladies

[edit]

The 2020 survey was the first to ask for rankings on the signature initiatives of first ladies, asking this question about the initiatives of ten most-recent first ladies at the time, noting that, "since the 1960’s every First Lady has focused part of her tenure on raising awareness of and promoting efforts to address a pressing social problem."

Within each column
 Blue  backgrounds indicate rankings in the first quartile.
 Green  backgrounds indicate rankings in the second quartile.
 Yellow-green  backgrounds indicate the median ranking of an odd number of first ladies.[a][excessive detail?]
 Yellow  backgrounds indicate rankings in the third quartile.
 Orange  backgrounds indicate rankings in the fourth quartile.

Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view the rankings for each survey in numerical order.

No.
[b]
First lady Presidency Initiative
2020
34 Lady Bird Johnson L. Johnson Environmental protection and beautification 1
35 Pat Nixon Nixon Volunteerism 7
36 Betty Ford Ford Women's rights 3
37 Rosalynn Carter Carter Mental health 6
38 Nancy Reagan Reagan Drug abuse awareness ("Just Say No") 9
39 Barbara Bush G. H.W. Bush Childhood literacy 4
40 Hillary Clinton Clinton Healthcare reform 8
41 Laura Bush G.W. Bush Childhood literacy ("Ready to Read, Ready to Learn") 5
42 Michelle Obama Obama Reducing childhood obesity ("Let's Move!") 2
43 Melania Trump Trump Cyberbullying awareness ("Be Best") 10

Ranking of first couples as "power couples"

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be Quartiles were determined by splitting the data into an upper and lower half and then splitting these halves each into two quartiles. When splitting an odd total number of rankings, the median is given an intermediate color.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Some white house hostesses (de facto first ladies) included in the 1982 study have been omitted from subsequent studies. Additionally, Anna Harrison (who delegated the duties of White House hostess to Jane Irwin Harrison during her husband's brief 31 day presidency) has been excluded from surveys subsequent to 1982.

Sources cited

[edit]

Reference list

[edit]
  1. ^ Capobianco, James. "Research Guides: American Presidency: First Ladies". Harvard Kennedy School. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  2. ^ source
  3. ^ source
  4. ^ source
  5. ^ source

See also

[edit]