Duke of Masovia
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Duke of Masovia (Polish: Książę Mazowsza) was a title born by the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four to five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.
The following is a list of all rulers of the Duchy of Masovia and its parts. Although not all incumbents listed here had titular rights to the title of Duke of Masovia, they are all listed as such for simplicity's sake.
Also take note that some of the dates are merely approximate and the ownership of certain lands might be disputed. Finally, this table does not include lands ruled by dukes of other parts of partitioned Poland or Wenceslaus II and Wenceslaus III.
Duchy of Masovia
Partitions of Masovia
The Duchy went through various border changes in the coming years, sometimes losing and sometimes gaining territory.
| 1138–1275 | Duchy of Masovia | ||||||||||||||
| 1275–1294 | Duchy of Czersk | Duchy of Płock | |||||||||||||
| 1294-1310 | Duchy of Masovia | ||||||||||||||
| 1310-1313 | Duchy of Czersk | Duchy of Masovia | |||||||||||||
| 1313-1345 | Duchy of Warsaw | Duchy of Rawa | Duchy of Płock | ||||||||||||
| 1345-1349 | Duchy of Warsaw-Rawa | ||||||||||||||
| 1349-1351 | Duchy of Warsaw | Duchy of Rawa | |||||||||||||
| 1351-1355 | Annexed to Poland | ||||||||||||||
| 1355-1370 | Duchy of Warsaw-Rawa | ||||||||||||||
| 1370-1381 | Duchy of Masovia | ||||||||||||||
| 1381-1434 | Duchy of Warsaw | Duchy of Płock-Rawa | |||||||||||||
| 1434-1442/59 | Duchy of Rawa | Duchy of Płock | Duchy of Bełz | ||||||||||||
| 1442/59-1462 | Duchy of Płock-Rawa | ||||||||||||||
| 1462-1471 | Duchy of Masovia | ||||||||||||||
| 1471-1488 | Duchy of Czersk | Duchy of Warsaw | Duchy of Płock | ||||||||||||
| 1488-1495 | Duchy of Czersk-Warsaw | ||||||||||||||
| 1495-1526 | Duchy of Masovia | ||||||||||||||
Dukes of Masovia
| Ruler | Born | Reign | Death | Ruling Part | Consort | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boleslaus (I) the Curly |  |
1125 | 1138-1173 | 5 January 1173 | Masovia | Viacheslava Vsevolodovna of Novgorod 1138 three children Maria after 1160 no children |
Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland. Also Duke of Silesia and monarch of Poland. |
| Leszek I | 1162 | 1173-1186 | 1186 | Masovia | Unmarried | Son of Bolesław the Curly. | |
| Casimir (I) the Just |  |
1138 | 1186-1194 | 5 May 1194 | Masovia | 1163 seven children |
Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland. Also monarch of Poland. |
| Helena of Moravia-Znojmo (regent) |  |
1141 | 1194-1200 | 1202/6 | Masovia | Regent on behalf of her son. | |
| Leszek II the White |  |
1184/5 | 24 November 1227 | Masovia | Grimislava Ingvarevna of Lutsk between 1208 and 1211 three children |
Son of Casimir the Just. Also monarch of Poland, after his abdication of Masovia to his brother Conrad, in 1200, shortly after reaching majority. | |
| Conrad I |  |
1187/8 | 1200-1247 | 31 August 1247 | Masovia | Agafia Yaroslavna of Peremyshl between 1207 and 1210 ten children |
Son of Casimir the Just. Also monarch of Poland. |
| Boleslaus I |  |
1208 | 1247-1248 | 25 February 1248 | Masovia | Gertrude of Lower Silesia 1232 no children Anastasia Alexandrovna of Belz between 1245 and July 1247 no children |
Son of Conrad I. Died without descendants. |
| Siemowit I |  |
1224/8 | 1248-1262 | 23 June 1262 | Masovia | 1248 three children |
Brother of Bolesław I. Killed in a battle against the Lithuanians, who also took his heir prisoner. |
| Pereyaslava Danilovna of Halych (regent) | Before 1248 | 1262-1264 | 12 April 1283 | Masovia | Regents during Conrad's captivity in Lithuania. | ||
| Boleslaus, Duke of Greater Poland (regent) |  |
1224/7 | 14 April 1279 | Masovia | Yolanda of Hungary 1257 three children | ||
| Conrad II | 
|
1250 | 1264-1275 | 24 June or 21 December 1294 | Masovia | Hedwig of Legnica 1265/70 one child |
Released after two years of captivity. In 1275 divided the land with his brother Bolesław. After the division of the duchy he received Czersk. His death without male heirs allowed his brother to reunite the Duchy. |
| 1275-1294 | Czersk | ||||||
| Boleslaus II | 
|
1253/8 | 1275-1294 | 20 April 1313 | Płock | Gaudemantė Sophia of Lithuania 1279 three children Kunigunde of Bohemia 1291 (divorced 1302) two children |
Reunited the duchy after the death of his brother, but after his own death Masovia was divided again. |
| 1294-1313 | Masovia | ||||||
| Trojden I | 
|
1284/6 | 1310-1313 | 13 March 1341 | Czersk | Maria Yurievna of Galicia-Volhynia 1309/10 four children |
Son of Boleslaus II, retained Czersk during his father's lifetime. After Boleslaus' death, Trojden received more lands in inheritance and made Warsaw his new capital. Put his own son in the throne of Galicia-Volhynia. |
| 1313-1341 | Warsaw | ||||||
| Siemowit II |  |
1283 | 1313-1345 | 18 February 1345 | Rawa | Unmarried | Son of Boleslaus II, retained Rawa. Left no descendants and his duchy was inherited by his nephews Siemowit III and Casimir I. |
| Wenceslaus I |  |
1293/7 | 1313-1336 | 23 May 1336 | Płock | Dannila Elisabeth of Lithuania 1316 two children |
Son of Boleslaus II, retained Płock. |
| Siemowit II, Duke of Rawa (regent) | |
1283 | 1336-1340 | 18 February 1345 | Płock | Unmarried | Regents in name of their nephew, Bolesław III. |
| Trojden I, Duke of Warsaw (regent) | |
1284/6 | 13 March 1341 | Płock | Maria Yurievna of Galicia-Volhynia 1309/10 four children | ||
| Boleslaus III | 1322/30 | 1340-1351 | 20 August 1351 | Płock | Unmarried | Son of Wenceslaus. In 1351 Płock was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland. | |
| Annexation to the Kingdom of Poland (1351-1370) | |||||||
| Casimir I | 
|
1329/31 | 1341-1345 | 26 November/5 December 1355 | Warsaw | Unmarried | Sons of Trojden I, ruled jointly. In 1345 inherited Rawa. In 1349 divided the land between them: Siemowit received Warsaw and Casimir Rawa. After Casimir's death without descendants in 1355, Siemowit reunited Masovia. He also brought Płock from Poland in 1370. After his death the duchy was again divided between his sons Janusz I and Siemowit IV. |
| 1345-1349 | Warsaw and Rawa | ||||||
| 1349-1355 | Rawa | ||||||
| Siemowit III | 
|
1320 | 1341-1345 | 16 June 1381 | Warsaw | Euphemia of Opava 1335 five children Anna of Ziębice c.1360 three children | |
| 1345-1349 | Warsaw and Rawa | ||||||
| 1349-1355 | Warsaw | ||||||
| 1355-1381 | Masovia | ||||||
| Janusz I the Elder |  |
1347/52 | 1381-1429 | 8 December 1429 | Warsaw | Danutė Anna of Lithuania 1371/3 four children |
Son of Siemowit III, since 1386 hereditary vassal of Poland, after 1391 Duke of Podlasie. Although the division, the duchy of Czersk remained annexed to the duchy of Warsaw. |
| Siemowit IV the Younger' |  |
1353/6 | 1381-1426 | 21 January 1426 | Płock and Rawa | Alexandra of Lithuania 1387 thirteen children |
Son of Siemowit III. Since 1386, was an hereditary vassal of Poland, and, although having lost much of his domain to the Teutonic Order in 1382 (Wizna, Zawkrze, Płońsk), he gained other duchies (Bełz) from Poland. |
| Trojden II | 1403/6 | 1426-1427 | 25 July 1427 | Płock and Rawa | Unmarried | Sons of Siemowit IV, ruled jointly. In 1434 the three surviving brothers divided the land: Siemowit received Rawa, Casimir received Bełz, ad Ladislaus received Płock. The death of Siemowit and Casimir in 1442, both without descendants, allowed Ladislaus to reunite the inheritance of his father. | |
| Siemowit V | 1389 | 1426-1434 | 17 February 1442 | Płock and Rawa | Margareta of Opava-Ráciborz Between 15 October 1434 and 17 February 1437 one child | ||
| 1434-1442 | Rawa | ||||||
| Casimir II | 1401/3 | 1426-1434 | 15 September 1442 | Płock and Rawa | Margareta Szamotuły 26 June 1442 no children | ||
| 1434-1442 | Bełz | ||||||
| Ladislaus I | 
|
1406/9 | 1426-1434 | 11/12 December 1455 | Płock and Rawa | Anna of Oleśnica 1444 two children | |
| 1434-1442 | Płock | ||||||
| 1442-1455 | Płock, Bełz and Rawa-Rawa | ||||||
| Anna of Lithuania (regent) | c.1390? | 1429-1436 | 3 May/1 August 1458 | Warsaw | Bolesław Januszowic, heir of Warsaw 1412 three children |
Daughter-in-law of Janusz I the Elder; Regent on behalf of her son. | |
| Boleslaus IV |  |
1421 | 1436-1454 | 10 September 1454 | Warsaw | Barbara Olelkovna of Slutsk-Kapy 1440/5 ten children |
|
| Margareta of Opava-Ráciborz | 1410 | 1442-1459 | 5 July 1459 | Rawa-Gostynin | Siemowit V Between 15 October 1434 and 17 February 1437 one child |
Received Gostynin as her husband's inheritance. After her death her part rejoined Płock. | |
| Anna of Oleśnica (regent) | 1425? | 1455-1459 | After 15 August 1482 | Płock and Rawa-Rawa | Władysław I 1444 two children |
Regents on behalf of Anna's sons. | |
| Paul Giżycki, Bishop of Płock (regent) | 1400 | 28 January 1463 | Płock and Rawa-Rawa | Unmarried | |||
| Siemowit VI | 2 January 1446 | 1459-1462 | 31 December 1461/1 January 1462 | Płock and Rawa (Rawa and Gostynin) | Unmarried | Sons of Ladislaus I, ruled jointly. In 1459 inherited Gostynin from their aunt Margareta. After their deaths, Masovia was again reunited by the sons of Boleslaus IV. | |
| Ladislaus II | After 31 October 1448 | 27 February 1462 | Płock and Rawa (Rawa and Gostynin) | Unmarried | |||
| Barbara Olelkovna of Slutsk-Kapy (regent) | 1421 | 1454-1462 | 10 September 1454 | Warsaw | Bolesław IV 1440/5 ten children |
Regents on behalf of Barbara's sons. | |
| Paul Giżycki, Bishop of Płock (regent) | 1400 | 28 January 1463 | Warsaw | ||||
| Casimir III | 10 June 1448/8 June 1449 | 1462 | 9 June 1480 | Warsaw | Unmarried | Sons of Boleslaus IV, ruled jointly. In 1462 they inherited the rest of Masovia, reuniting the Duchy. However in 1471 they made new partitions: Casimir received Płock, however in 1475 abdicated of his lands to his brother Janusz, who hadn't any share of the land since 1471; Conrad received Czersk and Boleslaus Warsaw, which was reunited with Czersk by Conrad after Boleslaus' death in 1488. In 1495, as the last surviving brother in power, he reunited all Masovia definitely. | |
| 1462-1471 | Masovia | ||||||
| 1471-1475 | Płock | ||||||
| Boleslaus V | 
|
c.1453 | 1462 | 27 April 1488 | Warsaw | Anna Radzanów 20 July 1477 (morganatic, annulled 1480) no children | |
| 1462-1471 | Masovia | ||||||
| 1471-1488 | Warsaw | ||||||
| Janusz II | 
|
1455 | 1462 | 16 February 1495 | Warsaw | Unmarried | |
| 1462-1471 | Masovia | ||||||
| 1475-1495 | Płock | ||||||
| Conrad III the Red | 
|
1447/8 | 1462 | 28 October 1503 | Warsaw | Magdaena Stawrot 1468/70 (morganatic) no children Unknown before 20 July 1477 (morganatic, divorced 1493?) no children Anna Radziwiłł between 29 September 1496 and 2 April 1497 four children | |
| 1462-1471 | Masovia | ||||||
| 1471-1488 | Czersk | ||||||
| 1488-1495 | Czersk and Warsaw | ||||||
| 1495-1503 | Masovia | ||||||
| Anna Radziwiłł (regent) |  |
1475/6 | 1503-1518 | 15 March 1522 | Masovia | Conrad III between 29 September 1496 and 2 April 1497 four children |
Regent in name of her children. |
| Janusz III |  |
27 September 1502 | 1518-1526 | 9/10 March 1526 | Masovia | Unmarried | Sons of Conrad III, ruled jointly. |
| Stanisław I |  |
17 May 1501 | 1518-1524 | 8 August 1524 | Masovia | Unmarried | |
| Anna |  |
c.1498 | 1526 | After 26 January 1557 | Masovia | Stanisław Odrowąż 1536 one child |
The last Masovian Piast. Sister of Stanislaus and Janusz III. Anna was elected duchess by the nobles to maintain the independence of the Duchy. It was unsuccessful, because, in the same year, Masovia was annexed to the Kingdom of Poland. |
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