Enrique Hertzog
Enrique Hertzog | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 49th President of Bolivia | |
| In office 10 March 1947 – 22 October 1949 | |
| Vice President | Mamerto Urriolagoitía |
| Preceded by | Tomás Monje |
| Succeeded by | Mamerto Urriolagoitía |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Enrique Hertzog Garaizabal 10 December 1897 La Paz, Bolivia |
| Died | 18 December 1981 (age 83) Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Political party | Republican Socialist Unity Party |
| Profession | Politician |
José Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal (La Paz, December 10, 1897 – Buenos Aires, December 18, 1981) was a Bolivian politician who was elected President of his country in 1947. He resigned in 1949.
Biography
A medical doctor by trade, Hertzog joined the Genuine Republican Party of Daniel Salamanca in the 1920s, and rose to become Minister of Public Information and Communications as well as Minister of War during the 1932-35 Chaco war against Paraguay, which Bolivia lost.
President of Bolivia
In 1947 elections he ran for President on a ticket of united Republican Party (Bolivia) factions (former Saavedrists, Genuines, etc.) calling themselves Republican Socialist Unity Party Partido de la Unión Republicana Socialista (PURS). He won against the Liberal leader Fernando Guachalla and the reformist candidate Víctor Paz Estenssoro, who led the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement).
Hertzog faced innumerable obstacles during his term, mostly in the form of constant rebellion from the lower sectors of society, as represented by striking miners and union workers. He was also saddled with the implacable opposition of Paz's MNR party and its allies, in addition to a declining economy. In essence, the attempt of the privileged sectors (led by Hertzog himself) to "turn back the clock" to the oligarchic pre-Chaco War status quo did not work. Rising expectations and demands from an increasingly activist and indeed, violent, popular class, combined with the unwillingness or inability of the governing elites to give concession that would undermine their power, led the country to the very brink of civil war. On September 18, 1947 he declared the state of siege.
Escalating repressive measures, such as arrest and deportation of many MNR leaders, only bred further discontent. When the legislative elections of 1949 confirmed the dramatic ascendancy of the parties of the Left, the PURS leadership lost trust in the relatively more conciliatory Hertzog's ability to control the situation. They forced his resignation for reasons of non-existing illness in favor of his far more combative Vice-President Mamerto Urriolagoitía.
Later life
A few months later Hertzog was named Bolivia's Ambassador to Spain. Following the 1952 Bolivian National Revolution that brought Paz Estenssoro's MNR party to power, the ex-President remained exiled in the Spanish capital, later moving to Buenos Aires where he died.
He ran for President in 1966 on behalf of remnants of the pre-Revolution parties which had formed Democratic Institutionalist Alliance against René Barrientos, but only got a small share of the vote.
Sources
- Mesa José de; Gisbert, Teresa; and Carlos D. Mesa, Historia de Bolivia, 3rd edition., pp. 579–582.
