Epinephelus

Epinephelus; Temporal range: 55–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ; Eocene to present
	Epinephelus guttatus
	Epinephelus tukula
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Serranidae
Subfamily:	Epinephelinae
Genus:	Epinephelus; Bloch, 1793

Epinephelus is a genus of fish in the family Serranidae found in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean.

Species

There are currently 89 recognized species in this genus:^[2]

Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765)
Epinephelus aeneus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) (White grouper)
Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Hong Kong grouper)
Epinephelus albomarginatus Boulenger, 1903 (White-edged grouper)
Epinephelus amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1857) (Banded grouper)
Epinephelus analogus T. N. Gill, 1863 (Spotted grouper)
Epinephelus andersoni Boulenger, 1903 (Cat-face grouper)
Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) (Areolate grouper)
Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Yellow grouper)
Epinephelus bilobatus J. E. Randall & G. R. Allen, 1987 (Twin-spot grouper)
Epinephelus bleekeri (Vaillant, 1878) (Dusky-tail grouper)
Epinephelus bontoides (Bleeker, 1855) (Pale-margin grouper)
Epinephelus bruneus Bloch, 1793 (Long-tooth grouper)
Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes, 1843) (Dog-tooth grouper)
Epinephelus chabaudi (Castelnau, 1861) (Moustache grouper)
Epinephelus chlorocephalus (Valenciennes, 1830) (Tonga grouper)
Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) (Brown-spotted grouper)
Epinephelus cifuentesi Lavenberg & Grove, 1993 (Olive grouper)
Epinephelus clippertonensis G. R. Allen & D. R. Robertson, 1999
Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790) (White-spotted grouper)
Epinephelus coioides (F. Hamilton, 1822) (Orange-spotted grouper)
Epinephelus corallicola (Valenciennes, 1828) (Coral grouper)
Epinephelus costae (Steindachner, 1878) (Gold-blotch grouper)
Epinephelus cyanopodus (J. Richardson, 1846) (Speckled blue grouper)
Epinephelus daemelii (Günther, 1876) (Saddle-tail grouper)
Epinephelus darwinensis J. E. Randall & Heemstra, 1991 (Darwin grouper)
Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes, 1828) (Spiny-cheek grouper)
Epinephelus drummondhayi Goode & T. H. Bean, 1878
Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Dotted grouper)
Epinephelus erythrurus (Valenciennes, 1828) (Cloudy grouper)
Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus (W. K. H. Peters, 1865) (Rock grouper)
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) (Black-tip grouper)
Epinephelus faveatus (Valenciennes, 1828) (Barred-chest grouper)
Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacépède, 1802) (Blue-and-yellow grouper)
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) (Brown-marbled grouper)
Epinephelus gabriellae J. E. Randall & Heemstra, 1991 (Multi-spotted grouper)
Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Red Sea spotted grouper) ^[3]
Epinephelus goreensis (Valenciennes, 1830) (Dungat grouper)
Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Red grouper)
Epinephelus heniochus Fowler, 1904 (Bridled grouper)
Epinephelus hexagonatus (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Star-spotted grouper)
Epinephelus howlandi (Günther, 1873) (Black-saddle grouper)
Epinephelus indistinctus J. E. Randall & Heemstra, 1991 (Somali grouper)
Epinephelus irroratus (Forster, 1801) (Marquesan grouper)
Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) (Atlantic goliath grouper)
Epinephelus kupangensis Tucker, Kurniasih & Craig, 2016 ^[4]
Epinephelus labriformis (L. Jenyns, 1840) (Starry grouper)
Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) (Giant grouper)
Epinephelus latifasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Striped grouper)
Epinephelus lebretonianus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853) (Mystery grouper)
Epinephelus longispinis (Kner, 1864) (Long-spine grouper)
Epinephelus macrospilos (Bleeker, 1855) (Snub-nose grouper)
Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch, 1790) (High-fin grouper)
Epinephelus magniscuttis Postel, Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1963 (Speckled grouper)
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Malabar grouper)
Epinephelus marginatus (R. T. Lowe, 1834) (Dusky grouper)
Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz, 1953 (One-blotch grouper)
Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793 (Honeycomb grouper)
Epinephelus miliaris (Valenciennes, 1830) (Net-fin grouper)
Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus morrhua (Valenciennes, 1833) (Comet grouper)
Epinephelus multinotatus (W. K. H. Peters, 1876) (White-blotched grouper)
Epinephelus ongus (Bloch, 1790) (White-streaked grouper)
Epinephelus poecilonotus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Dot-dash grouper)
Epinephelus polylepis J. E. Randall & Heemstra, 1991 (Small-scaled grouper)
Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849) (Camouflage grouper)
Epinephelus polystigma (Bleeker, 1853) (White-dotted grouper)
Epinephelus posteli Fourmanoir & Crosnier, 1964 (Striped-fin grouper)
Epinephelus quinquefasciatus (Bocourt, 1868) (Pacific goliath grouper)
Epinephelus quoyanus (Valenciennes, 1830) (Long-fin grouper)
Epinephelus radiatus (F. Day, 1868) (Oblique-banded grouper)
Epinephelus retouti Bleeker, 1868 (Red-tipped grouper)
Epinephelus rivulatus (Valenciennes, 1830) (Halfmoon grouper)
Epinephelus sexfasciatus (Valenciennes, 1828) (Six-bar grouper)
Epinephelus socialis (Günther, 1873) (Surge grouper)
Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz, 1953 (Four-saddle grouper)
Epinephelus stictus J. E. Randall & G. R. Allen, 1987 (Black-dotted grouper)
Epinephelus stoliczkae (F. Day, 1875) (Epaulet grouper)
Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792) (Nassau grouper)
Epinephelus suborbitalis Amaoka & J. E. Randall, 1990 (Seamount grouper)
Epinephelus summana (Forsskål, 1775) (Summan grouper)
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775) (Greasy grouper)
Epinephelus timorensis J. E. Randall & G. R. Allen, 1987 (Yellow-spotted grouper)
Epinephelus trimaculatus (Valenciennes, 1828) (Three-spot grouper)
Epinephelus trophis J. E. Randall & G. R. Allen, 1987 (Plump grouper)
Epinephelus tuamotuensis Fourmanoir, 1971 (Reticulate grouper)
Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959 (Potato grouper)
Epinephelus undulatostriatus (W. K. H. Peters, 1867) (Maori grouper)
Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Wavy-lined grouper)

References

^ Sepkoski, J.J.Jr (2002): A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363: 1-560.
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Epinephelus". FishBase. June 2016 version.
^ Golani, D., Askarov, G. & Dashevsky, Y. (2015): First record of the Red Sea spotted grouper, Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Serranidae) in the Mediterranean. BioInvasions Records, 4 (2): 143–145.
^ Tucker, S.J., Kurniasih, E.M. & Craig, M.T. (2016): A New Species of Grouper (Epinephelus; Epinephelidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Copeia, 104 (3): 658-662.

[Sepkoski2002-1] Sepkoski, J.J.Jr (2002): A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363: 1-560.

[FB-2] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Epinephelus". FishBase. June 2016 version.

[Golani2015-3] Golani, D., Askarov, G. & Dashevsky, Y. (2015): First record of the Red Sea spotted grouper, Epinephelus geoffroyi (Klunzinger, 1870) (Serranidae) in the Mediterranean. BioInvasions Records, 4 (2): 143–145.

[Tucker2016-4] Tucker, S.J., Kurniasih, E.M. & Craig, M.T. (2016): A New Species of Grouper (Epinephelus; Epinephelidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Copeia, 104 (3): 658-662.

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