European Capital of Culture
The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension.
Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural, social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration, change the city's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale.
In 1985, former actress Melina Mercouri, then Greece’s Minister of Culture, and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual Capital of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values.
The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture: more than 40 cities have been designated so far.
An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union.
A 2004 study conducted for the European Commission, known as the "Palmer report", demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city.[1] Consequently, the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities.
History
The European Capital of Culture programme was initially called the European City of Culture and was conceived in 1983, by Melina Mercouri, then serving as Greek Minister of Culture. Mercouri believed that at the time, culture was not given the same attention as politics and economics and a project for promoting European cultures within the member states should be pursued. The European City of Culture programme was launched in the summer of 1985 with Athens being the first title-holder. During the German Presidency of 1999, the European City of Culture programme was renamed the European Capital of Culture.[2]
List of European Capitals of Culture
1 A new framework makes it possible for a city in a candidate country or potential candidate for EU membership to hold the title every third year as of 2021. This will be selected through an open competition, meaning that cities from various countries may compete with each other.[26]
See also
References
- ^ Palmer, Robert (2004) "European Cities and Capitals of Culture" Part I. Part II. Study prepared for the European Commission
- ^ Kiran Klaus Patel, ed., The Cultural Politics of Europe: European Capitals of Culture and European Union since the 1980s (London: Routledge, 2013)
- ^ "FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS- EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE 2020" (PDF). Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. October 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
- ^ European Capital of Culture Ireland 2020 – how the 4 Irish bids are shaping up
- ^ [1]
- ^ Two cities short-listed for the title of European Capital of Culture 2021 in a candidate country or a potential candidate to EU membership
- ^ Romanian bid for European Capital of Culture 2021
- ^ "Târgu-Mureş, Capitală europeană a culturii în 2021? Ce oraşe cu patrimonii culturale bogate se vor alătura marelui proiect". Zi de Zi Mures (in Romanian). 16 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ 3 Greek cities shortlisted for the title of European Capital of Culture 2021 in Greece
- ^ [2]
- ^ Novi Sad May Become A European Capital Of Culture In 2021
- ^ Cetinje će podnijeti kandidaturu za Evropsku prijestonicu kulture 2021
- ^ European Capital of Culture 2022
- ^ Appel à candidatures pour la Capitale européenne de la Culture 2022
- ^ http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-sets-sights-on-european-capital-of-culture-bid-1.884745
- ^ http://www.leeds-2023.co.uk/
- ^ "European Capital of Culture - Milton Keynes Council". www.milton-keynes.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
- ^ "BKA-353.120/0144-I/4/2014" (PDF). Bundeskanzleramt Österreich. 23 December 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Kulturhauptstadt 2025 – soll Bremen es nochmal versuchen?
- ^ Dresden will Kulturhauptstadt 2025 werden
- ^ Frankfurt soll sich gemeinsam mit Offenbach bewerben
- ^ http://www.kulturhauptstadt-werden.de/
- ^ Magdeburg als Europäische Kulturhauptstadt 2025
- ^ "Nürnberg verhält sich nicht wie Kulturhauptstadt"
- ^ Würzburger OB offen für Bewerbung
- ^ "European Capitals of Culture". European Union. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
External links
- European Capitals of Culture
- Decision No 1622/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 2006 establishing a Community action for the European Capital of Culture event for the years 2007 to 2019
- Decision No 445/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 establishing a Union action for the European Capitals of Culture for the years 2020 to 2033 and repealing Decision No 1622/2006/EC
- European Cultural Capital Report 3 (2011) A report by Robert Palmer, Greg Richards and Diane Dodd. Association for Tourism and Leisure Education (ATLAS)
