Ewen Montagu
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Ewen Montagu | |
|---|---|
| File:EwenMontagu.jpg | |
| Born | Ewen Edward Samuel Montagu 19 March 1901 |
| Died | 19 July 1985 (aged 84) |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Naval intelligence officer |
| Known for | Operation Mincemeat |
Captain Ewen Edward Samuel Montagu, CBE, QC, DL, RNR (19 March 1901 – 19 July 1985) was a British judge, writer and Naval intelligence officer. He is well known for his leading role in Operation Mincemeat, a critical military deception operation which misdirected German forces' attention away from the Allied Invasion of Sicily in Operation Husky.
Life and career
Montagu was born in 1901, the second son of Louis Montagu, 2nd Baron Swaythling. He was educated at Westminster School before becoming a machine gun instructor during World War I at a United States Naval Air Station. After the war he studied at Trinity College, Cambridge and at Harvard University before he was called to the bar in 1924. One of his more celebrated cases as a junior barrister was the defence of Alma Rattenbury in 1935 against a charge of murdering her elderly husband at the Villa Madeira in Bournemouth.
World War II
Montagu enlisted in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve in 1938.[1] Because of his legal background he was reassigned to specialized study. From there he was assigned to the Royal Navy's Humberside headquarters at Hull as an assistant staff officer in intelligence.[2] Montagu served in the Naval Intelligence Division of the British Admiralty, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Commander RNVR. He was the Naval Representative on the XX Committee, which oversaw the running of double agents. While Commanding Officer of NID 17M, Squadron Leader Charles Cholmondely, RAFVR and he conceived Operation Mincemeat, a major deception plan against the Germans during the war.[3] Montagu got the idea of having a dead British soldier wash ashore with false information on the plans for the invasion of Sardinia, as opposed to Sicily, where the invasion really would occur. Carefully picking a location where he knew pro-Nazi villagers would loyally turn over the drowned man's rucksack, Montagu also manufactured an entire life history and even a living fiancée for the mythical young serviceman, whose body was that of a homeless Welshman who'd died from eating rat poison. At this time Montagu had an affair[citation needed] with the female secretary who provided a picture of herself to be used as the mythical serviceman's fiancee.
The Germans were fooled completely; reading Enigma encrypts made it clear that the false battle plans went from the beach all the way to Hitler's headquarters. The invasion of Sicily was a success. Historian Hugh Trevor Roper called it the best deception in the history of military deception. For his role in Operation Mincemeat, he was appointed to the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire.[citation needed]
Other work
From 1945 to 1973 he held the position of Judge Advocate of the Fleet. He wrote The Man Who Never Was (1953), an account of Operation Mincemeat, which was made into a movie three years later. Montagu himself appeared in the film adaptation of The Man Who Never Was, playing an Air-Vice Marshal who had in real life disparaged his own character (played by Clifton Webb) in a briefing. Montagu also wrote Beyond Top Secret Ultra, which focused more on the information technology and espionage tactics used in World War II.
He was a governor of The Peckham Experiment in 1949.[4]
Montagu was president of the United Synagogue, 1954–62, and vice-president of the Anglo-Jewish Association.
Before the Courts Act of 1971 he was Chairman of the Quarter Sessions for the Middlesex area of Greater London[5] and Recorder (judge) in the County of Hampshire. He was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of the County of Southampton.
Family
Montagu's youngest brother Ivor Montagu was a film maker and Communist who was apparently briefly a spy for the Soviet GRU during the Second World War – when, of course, the two brothers were technically on the same side.
Ewen Montagu married Iris, the daughter of the painter Solomon J. Solomon, in 1923. They had a son, Jeremy, who became a distinguished authority on musical instruments,[6] and a daughter, Jennifer, who became a distinguished art historian.
References
- ^ Smyth, Denis (2010). Deathly Deception: The Real Story of Operation Mincemeat. New York: Oxford Press. p. 25.
- ^ Smyth, Denis (2010). Deathly Deception: The Real Story of Operation Mincemeat. New York: Oxford Press.
- ^ "Jean Gerard Leigh". The Daily Telegraph. 5 April 2012.
- ^ "The Bulletin of the Pioneer Health Centre". Peckham. 1 (5). September 1949. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
- ^ Whitaker's Almanack (1968) p.636
- ^ Macintyre, Ben, (2010) Operation Mincemeat: The True Spy Story that Changed the Course of World War II, preface
Bibliography
- Montagu, Ewen (1954). The Man Who Never Was. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
- Montagu, Ewen (1974). The Archer-Shee Case. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. ISBN 0-7153-6774-9.
- Montagu, Ewen (1977). Beyond Top Secret ULTRA. Coward McGann and Geoghegan. ISBN 0-698-10882-5.
Additional reading
- Macintyre, Ben (2010). Operation Mincemeat. The True Spy Story that Changed the Course of World War II. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-7475-9868-8.
- 1901 births
- 1985 deaths
- English Jews
- Samuel-Montagu family
- People educated at Westminster School, London
- Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
- Harvard University alumni
- Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
- Intelligence analysts
- British military writers
- Younger sons of barons
- Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
- Admiralty personnel of World War II