Ferdinand von Lindemann
Ferdinand von Lindemann | |
|---|---|
 Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann | |
| Born | April 12, 1852 |
| Died | March 6 1939 |
| Nationality |  German |
| Alma mater | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg |
| Known for | Proving π is a transcendental number |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mathematician |
| Institutions | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München |
| Doctoral advisor | C. Felix Klein |
| Doctoral students | Charles Ashton Franz Fuchs David Hilbert Martin Kutta Hermann Minkowski Oskar Perron Arnold Sommerfeld Josef Wagner |
Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann (April 12, 1852 – March 6 1939) was a German mathematician, noted for his proof, published in 1882, that π (Pi) is a transcendental number, i.e., it is not a zero of any polynomial with rational coefficients.
Life and education
Lindemann was born in Hanover, Germany. His father, Ferdinand Lindemann, taught modern languages at a Gymnasium in Hanover. His mother, Emilie Crusius, was the daughter of the Gymnasium's headmaster. The family later moved to Schwerin, where young Ferdinand attended school.
He studied mathematics at Göttingen, Erlangen, and Munich. At Erlangen he received a doctorate, supervised by Felix Klein, on non-Euclidean geometry.
While a professor at the University of Königsberg, Lindemann acted as supervisor for the doctoral thesis of David Hilbert, Hermann Minkowski, and Arnold Sommerfeld.
Transcendence proof
In 1882, he published the result for which he is best known, the transcendence of Pi. His methods were similar to those used nine years earlier by Charles Hermite to show that e, the base of natural logarithms, is transcendental. Before the publication of Lindemann's proof, it was known that if Pi is transcendental, then the ancient and celebrated problem of squaring the circle by compass and straightedge could not be solved.
See also
Reference
Lindemann, F. "Über die Zahl π", Mathematische Annalen 20 (1882): pp. 213-225.