Field marshal (Denmark)
| Field marshal Feltmarskalk | |
|---|---|
| Country |  Denmark |
| Service branch |  Royal Danish Army |
| Rank group | General officer |
| Rank | Field marshal |
| Abolished | 1842 |
| Next higher rank | General field marshal |
| Next lower rank |
|
Field marshal (Danish: Feltmarskalk; Danish pronunciation: [ˈfεlˀdˌmɑːˌɕalˀ]) was the highest rank of the Royal Danish Army until its abolition in 1842.
History
[edit]The origins of the rank can be traced back to the creation of the rank of field lord (Danish: feltherre) and field colonel (feltøverste, lit. 'field supreme'). These ranks were based on German origins.[1]
Initially, there were two ranks: feltmarskalk was the highest cavalry commander, and feltoberst was the highest commander of the infantry.[2] These were later merged to a single rank called feltmarskalk.
On 25 May 1671, the ranks were codified, by King Christian V, with the publication of the Danish order of precedence. Here General field marshal (Ober-Feldt-Marskalk) was the highest rank, with Feldt-Marschalks placed just below, and Quartermaster general below that.[3]
List of field marshals
[edit]| Portrait | Name (born–died) |
Appointed | Retired | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meindert van Ham (c. 1470–1545) |
June 1536 (as Obrister Veldhaubtman) |
5 August 1536 (POW) | [4] | |
|
Johan Rantzau (1492–1565) |
1559 (as feltmarskalk) |
[5] | |
|
Günther XLI, Count of Schwarzburg-Arnstadt (1529–1583) |
1563 (as feltøverste, transl. Field colonel) |
[4] | |
| Hilmar von Quernheim (1508–1581) |
1563 (as feltmarskalk) |
15 December 1564 | [4] | |
|
Otte Krumpen (1473–1569) |
15 December 1564 (as feltoberst) |
19 July 1565 | [6] |
|
Daniel Rantzau (1529–1569) |
19 July 1565 (as feltoberst, transl. Field colonel) 24 October 1567 (as general kaptajn og feltoberst, transl. Field colonel) |
11 November 1569 † | [7][8] |
| Josias von Qualen (?–1586) |
12 November 1569 (as feltmarskalk) |
1581 | [9] | |
|
Hans Schack (1608–1676) |
11 February 1659 | [10] | |
|
Paul Würtz (1612–1676) |
July 1665 | 31 October 1665 | [11] |
,_by_Abraham_Wuchters.jpg)
|
Claus von Ahlefeldt (1614–1674) |
1671 | [12] | |
|
John Adolphus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (1634–1704) |
20 January 1676 (as Overfeltmarskal) |
[13] | |
| Frédéric Charles de La Rochefoucauld (1633–1690) |
May 1683 (as generalfeltmarskal) |
[14] | ||
|
Gustav Wilhelm Wedel of Jarlsberg (1641–1717) |
1687 | [15] | |
|
Frederick Ernest of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1703–1762) |
12 July 1745 | 1762 | [16] |
| Werner von der Schulenburg (1679–1755) |
1748 (as feltmarskal) |
7 September 1755 † | [17] | |
| Hans Jacob Arnoldt (1669–1758) |
1749 (as feltmarskal) |
24 December 1758 † | [18] | |
| Michael Numsen (1686–1757) |
30 June 1756 | 7 September 1757 † | [19] | |
,_comte_de_Saint-Germain.jpg)
|
Claude Louis, Comte de Saint-Germain (1707–1778) |
1 December 1760 | 5 December 1767 | [20] |
| Frederick Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1729–1809) |
1764 | 1784 | [21] | |
|
Christian August of Augustenburg (1768–1810) |
25 July 1808 | [22] | |
|
Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel (1744–1836) |
1815 | 17 August 1836 † | [23] |
|
Prince Frederik of Hesse (1771–1845) |
17 August 1836 | 31 March 1842 | [24][25] |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Hedegaard 1979, p. 31.
- ^ Madsen 1904, pp. 216–217.
- ^ danmarkshistorien.dk 2017.
- ^ a b c Madsen 1904, p. 217.
- ^ Madsen 1904, p. 216.
- ^ Madsen 1904, pp. 217–218.
- ^ Madsen 1904, p. 218.
- ^ Bassing, E. (13 May 1969). "Daniel Rantzau". Det Krigsvidenskabelige Selskab (in Danish). Retrieved 19 March 2021.
- ^ Madsen 1904, p. 220.
- ^ Fridericia, J.A. (1901). "Schack, Hans". In Bricka, Carl Frederik (ed.). XV. Bind. Scalabrini - Skanke. Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag. p. 23. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Hirsch, J.C.W. (1905). "Würtz, Poul". In Bricka, Carl Frederik (ed.). XIX. Bind. Vind - Oetken. Rettelser og Tilføjelser. Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag. p. 249. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Sørensen, S. A. (1887). "Ahlefeldt, Claus". In Bricka, Carl Frederik (ed.). I. Bind. Aaberg - Beaumelle. Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag. p. 131. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Harbou, H. W. (1894). "Johan Adolf af Pløen". In Bricka, Carl Frederik (ed.). VIII. Bind. Holst - Juul. Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag. p. 499. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Harbou, H. W. (1900). "de la Rochefoucauld, Frédéric Charles". In Bricka, Carl Frederik (ed.). XIV. Bind. Resen - Saxtrup. Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag. p. 137. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Munthe, C. O. (1900). "Wedel (Jarlsberg), Gustav Vilh.". In Bricka, Carl Frederik (ed.). XVIII. Bind. Ubbe - Wimpffen. Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag. p. 323. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Dyrn, Ole. "Generalfeltmarskal, markgreve, Friederich Ernst af Brandenburg-Culmbach". Sct. Michaelis Kirke (in Danish). Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Bobé, Louis (1901). "v. d. Schulenburg, Werner". In Bricka, Carl Frederik (ed.). XV. Bind. Scalabrini - Skanke. Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag. p. 324. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Huitfeldt-Kaas, H. J. (1887). "Arnoldt, Hans Jacob". In Bricka, Carl Frederik (ed.). I. Bind. Aaberg - Beaumelle. Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag. p. 341. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ von Munthe af Morgenstierne, Otto (1938). Feltmarskal Michael Numsen og hans Tid (PDF) (in Danish). Copenhagen: Levin & Munksgaard. p. 116. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Mygind 1999, pp. 20, 50.
- ^ Mygind 1999, p. 55.
- ^ "V. Der Land-Militair-Etat". Königlich-Dänischer Hof-und Statts-Calender (PDF) (in German). Altona. 1812. p. 79. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Mygind 1999, pp. 39, 72.
- ^ Hedegaard 1979, p. 39.
- ^ Mygind 1999, p. 72.
Sources
[edit]- danmarkshistorien.dk (17 May 2017). "Rangforordningen, 25. maj 1671" (in Danish). danmarkshistorien.dk. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- Madsen, Emil (1904). "De nationale Tropper, samt Hærvæsenets Styrelse i det 16. Aarhundrede" [The National Troops, as well as the Administration of the Army in the 16th Century] (PDF). Historisk Tidsskrift (in Danish). 5 (7): 199–200. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
- Mygind, A. (1999). Den landmilitære embedsetat og centraladministratio (1763 - 1848) (in Danish). Forsvarets Arkiver. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
- Hedegaard, E. O. A. (1979). Den militære feltmarskalstavs historie: En våben- og krigshistorisk studie [The History of the Field Marshal's Baton: A Study of the History of Weapons] (in Danish). Forlaget ZAC.