Tantilla
(Redirected from Flathead Snake)
| Tantilla | |
|---|---|
| |
| Tantilla gracilis, flathead snake | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Subfamily: | Colubrinae |
| Genus: | Tantilla Baird & Girard, 1853[1] |
| Synonyms | |
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Tantilla is a large genus of harmless New World snakes in the family Colubridae. The genus includes 66 species, which are commonly known as centipede snakes, black-headed snakes, and flathead snakes.[6][7]
Description
[edit]Tantilla are small snakes, rarely exceeding 20 cm (8 inches) in total length (including tail). They are generally varying shades of brown, red or black in color. Some species have a brown body with a black head.
Behavior
[edit]Tantilla are nocturnal, secretive snakes. They spend most of their time buried in the moist leaf litter of semi-forested regions or under rocks and debris.
Diet
[edit]The diet of snakes of the genus Tantilla consists primarily of invertebrates, including scorpions, centipedes, spiders, and various insects.
Species
[edit]- Tantilla albiceps Barbour, 1925 – Barbour's centipede snake – Panama
- Tantilla alticola (Boulenger, 1903) – Boulenger's centipede snake – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
- Tantilla andinista Wilson & Mena, 1980 – Andes centipede snake – Ecuador
- Tantilla armillata Cope, 1876 – Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
- Tantilla atriceps (Günther, 1895) – Mexican blackhead snake – US (Arizona, Texas, New Mexico), northern Mexico
- Tantilla bairdi Stuart, 1941 – Baird's black-headed snake[8] – Guatemala
- Tantilla berguidoi Batista, Mebert, Lotzkat & Wilson, 2016 – Chucantí centipede snake – Panama
- Tantilla bocourti (Günther, 1895) – Bocourt's black-headed snake[8] – Mexico
- Tantilla boipiranga Sawaya & Sazima, 2003 – Brazil
- Tantilla brevicauda Mertens, 1952 – Mertens's centipede snake – El Salvador
- Tantilla briggsi Savitzky & H.M. Smith, 1971 – Briggs's centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla calamarina Cope, 1876 – Pacific Coast centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla capistrata Cope, 1876 – Capistrata centipede snake – Peru
- Tantilla carolina Palacios-Aguilar, Fucsko, Jiménez-Arcos, Wilson, & Mata-Silva, 2022 – Carolina's little snake – Mexico
- Tantilla cascadae Wilson & Meyer, 1981 – Michoacán centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla ceboruca Canseco-Márquez et al., 2007 – Mexico
- Tantilla coronadoi Hartweg, 1944 – Guerreran centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla coronata Baird & Girard, 1853 – southeastern crowned snake – southeastern United States
- Tantilla cucullata Minton, 1956 – Big Bend blackhead snake – US (Texas), Mexico
- Tantilla cuniculator H.M. Smith, 1939 – Peten centipede snake – south Mexico, Belize, Guatemala
- Tantilla deppei (Bocourt) – Deppe's centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla excelsa McCranie & E.N. Smith, 2017 – Honduras
- Tantilla flavilineata H.M. Smith & Burger, 1950 – yellow-lined centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla gottei McCranie & E.N. Smith, 2017 – Honduras
- Tantilla gracilis Baird & Girard, 1853 – flathead snake – southwestern United States, northern Mexico[9]
- Tantilla hendersoni Stafford, 2004 – Peten centipede snake – Belize
- Tantilla hobartsmithi Taylor, 1936 – southwestern blackhead snake – southwestern United States, northern Mexico
- Tantilla impensa Campbell, 1998 – Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico
- Tantilla insulamontana Wilson & Mena, 1980 – mountain centipede snake – Ecuador
- Tantilla jani (Günther, 1895) – Jan's centipede snake – Guatemala
- Tantilla johnsoni Wilson, Vaughn & Dixon, 1999 – Mexico
- Tantilla lempira Wilson & Mena, 1980 – Mena's centipede snake – Honduras
- Tantilla lydia Antúnez-Fonseca, Castro, España, Townsend & Wilson, 2020 – Honduras
- Tantilla melanocephala (Linnaeus, 1758) – blackhead snake – Mexico, Central and South America.
- Tantilla miyatai Wilson & Knight, 1987 – Ecuador
- Tantilla moesta (Günther, 1863) – blackbelly centipede snake – Mexico, Guatemala, Belize
- Tantilla nigra (Boulenger, 1914) – black centipede snake – Colombia
- Tantilla nigriceps Kennicott, 1860 – plains blackhead snake – southwestern United States, northern Mexico
- Tantilla oaxacae Wilson & Meyer, 1971 – Oaxacan centipede snake Mexico
- Tantilla olympia Townsend, Wilson, Medina-Flores & Herrera, 2013 – Honduras
- Tantilla oolitica Telford, 1966 – rim rock crowned snake – US (Florida)
- Tantilla petersi Wilson, 1979 – Peters's blackhead snake
- Tantilla planiceps (Blainville, 1835) – western blackhead snake – United States (California), northern Mexico
- Tantilla psittaca McCranie, 2011 – Honduras
- Tantilla relicta Telford, 1966 – Florida crowned snake – US (Florida)
- Tantilla reticulata (Cope, 1860) – reticulate centipede snake – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
- Tantilla robusta Canseco-Márquez, Mendelson & Gutiérrez-Mayén, 2002 – Mexico
- Tantilla rubra Cope, 1876 – Big Bend blackhead snake – Guatemala, Mexico
- Tantilla ruficeps Cope, 1894 – Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama
- Tantilla schistosa (Bocourt, 1883) – red earth centipede snake – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
- Tantilla semicincta (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – ringed centipede snake – Panama, Colombia, Venezuela
- Tantilla sertula Wilson & Campbell, 2000 – Mexico
- Tantilla shawi Taylor, 1949 – Potosí centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla slavensi Pérez-Higareda, H.M. Smith & R.B. Smith, 1985 – Slavens's centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla stenigrammi McCranie & E.N. Smith, 2017 – Honduras
- Tantilla striata Dunn, 1928 – striped centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla supracincta (W. Peters, 1863) – banded centipede snake – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador
- Tantilla taeniata Bocourt, 1883 – Central American centipede snake – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua
- Tantilla tayrae Wilson, 1983 – Volcán Tacaná centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla tecta Campbell & E.N. Smith, 1997 – white-striped centipede snake – Guatemala
- Tantilla tjiasmantoi (Koch & Venegas, 2016) – Tjiasmanto's centipede snake – Peru
- Tantilla trilineata (W. Peters, 1880) – Brazilian three-lined centipede snake – Brazil
- Tantilla triseriata H.M. Smith & P.W. Smith, 1951 – Mexican three-lined centipede snake – Mexico
- Tantilla tritaeniata H.M. Smith & Williams, 1966 – three-banded centipede snake – Honduras
- Tantilla vermiformis (Hallowell, 1861) – Hallowell's centipede snake – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvator
- Tantilla vulcani Campbell, 1998 – Guatemala and Mexico
- Tantilla wilcoxi Stejneger, 1902 – Chihuahuan blackhead snake – US (Arizona), northern Mexico
- Tantilla yaquia H.M. Smith, 1942 – Yaqui blackhead snake – US (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Tantilla.
References
[edit]- ^ Baird, Spencer F., and Charles Girard. 1853. Catalogue of North American reptiles in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I. Serpents. Smithsonian Misc.ColI. 2 (5): xvi, 172. [page 131]
- ^ Dumeril, Andre M. C., G. Bibron, and A. Dumeril. 1854. Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des reptiles. Libraire Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris. Vol. 7 (pts. 1-2): 1-1536.
- ^ Hallowell, Edward. 1860 [1861]. Report upon the Reptilia of the North Pacific exploring expedition under command of Capt. John Rogers, U. S. N. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science Philadelphia: 480-509.
- ^ Günther, Albert. 1872 [1873]. Seventh account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9, no. 49 (1872): 13-37.
- ^ Cope, Edward D. 1894. Third addition to a knowledge of the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sconces of Philadelphia. 1894: 194-206.
- ^ Wilson, Larry David. 1982. Tantilla. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 303:1-4.
- ^ Wilson, Larry David, and Vicente Mata-Silva. 2015. A checklist and key to the snakes of the Tantilla clade (Squamata: Colubridae), with comments on taxonomy, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2: 418–498.
- ^ a b Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Tantilla bairdi, p. 14; T. bocourti, p. 29).
- ^ Hardy LM, Cole CJ (1968). "Morphological Variation in a Population of the Snake, Tantilla gracilis Baird and Girard". University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History. 17 (15): 613–629.
Further reading
[edit]- Baird SF, Girard CF (1853). Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I.—Serpents. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xvi + 172 pp. (Tantilla, new genus, p. 104).
- Stebbins RC (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. xiii + 533 pp. ISBN 0-395-98272-3 (paperback). (Genus Tantilla, pp. 397–399).
- Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes) (Genus Tantilla, p. 722; key species and subspecies of Tantilla, pp. 723–725).
External links
[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to Tantilla.
- Genus Tantilla at The Reptile Database
